Dinámicas de las familias con una persona migrante interna por motivo de estudio en la Universidad de Costa Rica
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La presente investigación aborda las dinámicas de dos familias en contextos de migración interna por motivos de estudio universitario, desde la perspectiva sistémica. Se comprende a las familias como sistemas complejos, abiertos y relacionales, cuya organización está atravesada por patrones de comunicación, cohesión y flexibilidad que se transforman a lo largo del Ciclo Vital Familiar. En este marco, la migración interna de una persona estudiante hacia la Universidad de Costa Rica implica no solo un cambio geográfico, sino un proceso de reconfiguración relacional y estructural en el núcleo familiar, al tratarse de una etapa transicional entre la adolescencia y la adultez caracterizada por el desarrollo de mayor autonomía. A partir de esta realidad, la investigación planteó como pregunta central: ¿Cómo son las dinámicas de dos familias con una persona migrante interna por motivo de estudio en la Universidad de Costa Rica? Para responderla, el estudio se realizó bajo el paradigma naturalista, con enfoque cualitativo y método fenomenológico, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas grupales, observación y elaboración de genogramas, aplicados a dos familias de estudiantes con beca categoría 5 y beneficio de Reubicación Geográfica durante el año 2024. Los hallazgos evidencian que la migración interna en estos casos actuó como un hito que movilizó a los sistemas familiares hacia procesos de autoorganización sustentados en la flexibilidad de los roles, la redefinición de límites, el fortalecimiento de la cohesión y el desarrollo de la comunicación como eje de coordinación de las dinámicas. Lejos de generar desintegración, el cambio favoreció la gestión de nuevas competencias y la construcción de estrategias que permitieron mantener la identidad familiar y acompañar el proceso de inserción a la vida universitaria de la persona estudiante. La migración interna en los casos analizados se comprende, por tanto, como un fenómeno relacional que, cuando es acompañado con sensibilidad y recursos adecuados, puede potenciar el crecimiento individual y colectivo, reforzar los vínculos y consolidar el proyecto familiar en su conjunto.
This research studies the family dynamics of internal migrant university students, from a systemic perspective. Families are understood as complex, open, and relational systems, whose organization is shaped by patterns of communication, cohesion, and flexibility that transform throughout the Family Life Cycle. In this context, the internal migration of a student to the University of Costa Rica involves not only a geographical change, but also a relational and structural reconfiguration within the family system, given that it occurs during a transitional stage between adolescence and adulthood characterized by increasing autonomy. Based on this reality, the study posed the following central question: What are the dynamics of families with an internal migrant for study purposes at the University of Costa Rica? To address this question, the research was conducted under a naturalistic paradigm, using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological method. Semi-structured group interviews, observation, and genogram elaboration were employed with two families of students who held a Category 5 scholarship and the Geographic Relocation benefit during the year 2024. The findings show that internal migration functions as a milestone that activates processes of self-organization within family systems, sustained by flexible role distribution, redefinition of boundaries, strengthening of emotional cohesion, and communication as a coordinating and meaning-making axis. Rather than leading to disintegration, the experience fostered the development of new competencies and the construction of strategies that allowed families to maintain their identity while supporting the student's transition into university life. Internal migration, in the cases analyzed, is thus understood as a relational phenomenon that, when accompanied with sensitivity and adequate resources, can promote individual and collective growth, reinforce emotional bonds, and consolidate the family project.
This research studies the family dynamics of internal migrant university students, from a systemic perspective. Families are understood as complex, open, and relational systems, whose organization is shaped by patterns of communication, cohesion, and flexibility that transform throughout the Family Life Cycle. In this context, the internal migration of a student to the University of Costa Rica involves not only a geographical change, but also a relational and structural reconfiguration within the family system, given that it occurs during a transitional stage between adolescence and adulthood characterized by increasing autonomy. Based on this reality, the study posed the following central question: What are the dynamics of families with an internal migrant for study purposes at the University of Costa Rica? To address this question, the research was conducted under a naturalistic paradigm, using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological method. Semi-structured group interviews, observation, and genogram elaboration were employed with two families of students who held a Category 5 scholarship and the Geographic Relocation benefit during the year 2024. The findings show that internal migration functions as a milestone that activates processes of self-organization within family systems, sustained by flexible role distribution, redefinition of boundaries, strengthening of emotional cohesion, and communication as a coordinating and meaning-making axis. Rather than leading to disintegration, the experience fostered the development of new competencies and the construction of strategies that allowed families to maintain their identity while supporting the student's transition into university life. Internal migration, in the cases analyzed, is thus understood as a relational phenomenon that, when accompanied with sensitivity and adequate resources, can promote individual and collective growth, reinforce emotional bonds, and consolidate the family project.
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familias, migración interna por estudio, dinámicas familiares, autoorganización, Ciclo Vital Familiar, perspectiva sistémica., families, internal migration for study, family dynamics, self-organization, Family Life Cycle, systemic perspective.