Adopción de tecnologías en el cultivo de palma aceitera, Región Central Sur, Costa Rica
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Calvo Hernández, Olga María
Barrantes Aguilar, Luz Elena
Gómez Castillo, David
Quirós Badilla, Diego Fernando
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Introducción. En Costa Rica, la palma aceitera (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) se exhibe como el tercer cultivo con mayor cantidad de toneladas cosechadas y lidera la superficie de área sembrada, sin embargo, se muestra carente de estudios que evalúen la adopción de tecnologías. Objetivo. Identificar los factores que influyen en la adopción de tecnologías por parte de personas productoras en el cultivo de palma, en la Región Central Sur, Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una encuesta a una muestra de 33 personas productoras de la región de estudio, de enero a diciembre de 2023. Mediante el análisis de correspondencia múltiple (MCA) y el agrupamiento jerárquico aglomerativo (AHC) se identificaron similitudes en las decisiones de adopción, con las que se agrupó a las personas en tres clústeres de intensidad en la adopción de tecnologías. Estos se compararon con pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y Chi cuadrado de Pearson respecto a variables socioeconómicas y productivas. Por último, se analizó la influencia de estas en la intensidad de adopción por medio de un Modelo Probit Ordenado y la estimación de sus efectos marginales. Resultados. Se consultó por un total de dieciséis tecnologías, en promedio las personas ponen en práctica cinco, las más utilizadas son abonos orgánicos (64 %) y coberturas vivas (64 %). Los años de experiencia en el cultivo, dependientes económicos, género, contrato de entrega (organización) y extensión de finca se asociaron con una mayor adopción de tecnologías en el cultivo. Conclusiones. Se identificaron clústeres productivos con distintos niveles de adopción tecnológica, condicionados por el género, experiencia, condiciones productivas y vinculación organizativa. Las unidades con mayor adopción integraron prácticas sostenibles, fueron más diversificadas y dependían más económicamente del cultivo de palma. El ser mujer, tener mayor experiencia, contar con dependientes económicos y un contrato agroindustrial aumentaron la probabilidad de la adopción de tecnologías.
Introduction. In Costa Rica, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) ranks third in terms of tonnage harvested and leads in terms of planted area. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the adoption of technologies. Objective.To identify the factors that influence the adoption of technologies by palm oil producers in the South-Central Region of Costa Rica. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted among a sample of 33 producers in the study region from January to December 2023. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were used to identify similarities in adoption decisions, which were used to group individuals into three clusters of intensity in technology adoption. These were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson’s chi-square tests with respect to socioeconomic and productive variables. Finally, the influence of these variables on the intensity of adoption was analyzed using an ordered probit model and the estimation of their marginal effects. Results. A total of sixteen technologies were consulted; on average, people implement f ive, the most used organic fertilizers (64%) and green manure (64%). Years of farming experience, economic dependents, gender, delivery contract (organization), and farm size were associated with greater adoption of farming technologies. Conclusions. Productive clusters with different levels of technology adoption were identif ied, conditioned by gender, experience, productive conditions, and organizational links. The units with the highest adoption integrated sustainable practices were more diversif ied and were more economically dependent on palm cultivation. Being a woman, having more experience, having economic dependents, and having an agro-industrial contract increased the likelihood of technology adoption.
Introduction. In Costa Rica, oil palm (Elaeis guineensis, Jacq.) ranks third in terms of tonnage harvested and leads in terms of planted area. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the adoption of technologies. Objective.To identify the factors that influence the adoption of technologies by palm oil producers in the South-Central Region of Costa Rica. Materials and methods. A survey was conducted among a sample of 33 producers in the study region from January to December 2023. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were used to identify similarities in adoption decisions, which were used to group individuals into three clusters of intensity in technology adoption. These were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson’s chi-square tests with respect to socioeconomic and productive variables. Finally, the influence of these variables on the intensity of adoption was analyzed using an ordered probit model and the estimation of their marginal effects. Results. A total of sixteen technologies were consulted; on average, people implement f ive, the most used organic fertilizers (64%) and green manure (64%). Years of farming experience, economic dependents, gender, delivery contract (organization), and farm size were associated with greater adoption of farming technologies. Conclusions. Productive clusters with different levels of technology adoption were identif ied, conditioned by gender, experience, productive conditions, and organizational links. The units with the highest adoption integrated sustainable practices were more diversif ied and were more economically dependent on palm cultivation. Being a woman, having more experience, having economic dependents, and having an agro-industrial contract increased the likelihood of technology adoption.
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métodos de los probit, análisis de conglomerados, tecnología de producción, desarrollo agrícola, manejo del cultivo.
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