Eficacia de las pruebas diagnósticas para el tamizaje de Chlamydia trachomatis en la población de mujeres jóvenes en edad reproductiva: metaanálisis
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Castro Parra, Corina María
Miranda Solis, Yesenia
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Abstract
La infección por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial; que en muchas ocasiones no se logra documentar por ser una infección en su mayoría asintomática y por la falta de programas que garanticen la detección temprana. La intervención actual para la detección y tratamiento de la CT no es generalizada y menos aún en nuestro país. Los métodos tradicionales de diagnóstico tienen como desventaja la baja tasa de detección, resultados inexactos y tiempos de detección prolongados. El objetivo de este metaanálisis se enfoca en realizar una comparación de la eficacia sobre las pruebas tradicionales siendo el cultivo general el más utilizado y las pruebas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos como nueva metodología de tamizaje y determinar cuál tiene mayores tasas de detección. METODOLOGÍA. Búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos incluidos Cochrane, PubMed, ClinicalKey. Medline, ScienceDirect y BINASS utilizando los estudios que comparaban las pruebas de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos con la PCR en orina y el cultivo general tradicional; se utilizó Stata 15.1 para evaluar la calidad de los estudios y extrajimos los datos de forma independiente con respecto a la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo negativo, valor predictivo positivo. Finalmente, los gráficos se realizaron con sROC. RESULTADO. Se incluyeron en el análisis estadístico final un total de 9 estudios, para la prueba de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos se documentó una sensibilidad de 96.8%(IC95%:86.9-99.2) y una especificidad de 99.5%(IC95%:99.2-99.7); para frotis y cultivo endocervical una sensibilidad de 70.6%(IC95%:61.7-78.1) y una especificidad de 99.9%(IC95%:99.5-100.0). CONCLUSIÓN. El diagnóstico de CT basado en el uso de prueba de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos tiene una mayor tasa de detección comparado con el cultivo endocervical. Sin embargo, se necesitan más estudios para confirmar su uso como método estándar de detección.
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is a public health problem worldwide; that in many cases it is not possible to diagnose ant treat because it is a mostly asymptomatic infection and the lack of programs that guarantee early detection. The current intervention for the detection and treatment of CT is not generalized and even less so in our country. Traditional diagnostic methods have the disadvantage of low detection rate, inaccurate results, and long detection times. The OBJECTIVE of this meta-analysis is to promote a comparison of the efficacy over traditional tests, with general culture being the most widely used and nucleic acid amplification tests as a new screening methodology and to determine which ones have higher detection rates. METHODOLOGY. Systematic search in databases including Cochrane, PubMed, ClinicalKey. Medline, ScienceDirect, and BINASS using studies that compared nucleic acid amplification tests with urine PCR and traditional general culture; Stata 15.1 was brought in to assess the quality of the studies and we extracted the data independently with respect to sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value. Finally the graphs were made with sROC. RESULT. A total of 9 studies were included in the final statistical analysis, for the nucleic acid amplification test, a sensitivity of 96.8% (95% CI: 86.9-99.2) and a specificity of 99.5% (95% CI: 99.2-99.7) were documented; for smears and endocervical culture a sensitivity of 70.6% (95% CI: 61.7-78.1) and a specificity of 99.9% (95% CI: 99.5-100.0). CONCLUSION. CT diagnosis based on the use of nucleic acid amplification testing has a higher detection rate compared to endocervical culture. However, more studies are needed to confirm its use as a standard screening method.
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is a public health problem worldwide; that in many cases it is not possible to diagnose ant treat because it is a mostly asymptomatic infection and the lack of programs that guarantee early detection. The current intervention for the detection and treatment of CT is not generalized and even less so in our country. Traditional diagnostic methods have the disadvantage of low detection rate, inaccurate results, and long detection times. The OBJECTIVE of this meta-analysis is to promote a comparison of the efficacy over traditional tests, with general culture being the most widely used and nucleic acid amplification tests as a new screening methodology and to determine which ones have higher detection rates. METHODOLOGY. Systematic search in databases including Cochrane, PubMed, ClinicalKey. Medline, ScienceDirect, and BINASS using studies that compared nucleic acid amplification tests with urine PCR and traditional general culture; Stata 15.1 was brought in to assess the quality of the studies and we extracted the data independently with respect to sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value. Finally the graphs were made with sROC. RESULT. A total of 9 studies were included in the final statistical analysis, for the nucleic acid amplification test, a sensitivity of 96.8% (95% CI: 86.9-99.2) and a specificity of 99.5% (95% CI: 99.2-99.7) were documented; for smears and endocervical culture a sensitivity of 70.6% (95% CI: 61.7-78.1) and a specificity of 99.9% (95% CI: 99.5-100.0). CONCLUSION. CT diagnosis based on the use of nucleic acid amplification testing has a higher detection rate compared to endocervical culture. However, more studies are needed to confirm its use as a standard screening method.
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Keywords
Chlamydia Trachomatis (CT), prueba de amplificación de ácidos nucleicos (NAAT), cultivo vaginal (CV)