Actividad microbial en sustratos y análisis de crecimiento en almácigos de tomate en Guanacaste, Costa Rica
Fecha
2017-01-01
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Garbanzo León, Juan Gabriel
Vargas Gutiérrez, Marlen
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Se evalúo el efecto de 10 mezclas de sustratos para almácigos, elaborados con una base de un 50% de: bocashi, compost y lombricompost, luego estos se mezclaron en una proporción de 25% con arena, suelo, fibra de coco y granza de arroz. Se midió unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/g) de hongos, actinomicetos y bacterias, tasa de crecimiento relativo (TCR) y tasa de crecimiento de cultivo (TCC) en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) en Liberia, Guanacaste (Costa Rica). El diseño experimental fue un modelo irrestricto al azar, las ufc se evaluaron antes de la siembra de almácigos y los pesos secos para el cálculo de las TCR y TCC se evaluaron a los 15, 22 y 29 días después de siembra. La menor concentración de ufc de hongos (< 104 UFC/g) se presentó en las mezclas 50% bocashi + 25% lombricompost + 25% granza; 50% lombricompost + 25% arena + 25% suelo y 50% compost + 25% bocashi + 25% fibra de coco (50CBF). El mayor peso se encontró en los tratamientos 50% bocashi + 25% compost + 25% fibra de coco (50BCF) y 50CBF significativamente (P<0,01). La TCR en la mezcla 50% bocashi + 25% arena + 25% suelo (50BAS) fue un 47% más alta al compararlas al testigo (peat moss), mientras que el tratamiento 50CBF presentó la mayor TCC significativamente. Se concluye que las mezclas 50BCF, 50BAS y 50CBF mostraron las mejores condiciones de crecimiento para las plántulas de tomate y el peat moss (Sphagnum sp.) se encontró entre las cinco mezclas menos productivas.
The effect of ten mixtures of substrates for seedlings was evaluated. The mixtures were prepared with bocashi, compost and vermicompost, which was used at 50%, then mixed at a ratio of 25% sand, soil, coconut fiber and rice husks. The measured variables included total colony-forming units (CFU/g) of fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria, relative growth rate (RGR) and crop growth rate (CGR) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. The experiment was evaluated in Liberia, Guanacaste (Costa Rica). The experiment design was a randomized unrestricted model; and the CFU was measured before the sowing of the nurseries, along with the dry weight for the calculation of the RGR and CGR at 15, 22 and 29 days after sowing. A lower concentration of CFU of fungi (<104 UFC/g) was observed in the mixtures of 50% bocashi + 25% vermicompost + 25% rice husks; 50% vermicompost + 25% sand + 25% soil and 50% compost + 25% bocashi + 25% coconut fiber (50CBF). The highest dry weight treatment was 50% bocashi + 25% compost + 25% coconut fiber (50BCF) and 50CBF (P<0.01). The TCMR in the mixture 50% bocashi + 25% sand + 25% soil was 47% higher when compared to the control (peat moss); 50CBF presented the highest CGR. We concluded that the mixtures 50BCF, 50BAS and 50CBF had the best conditions for tomato plants and peat moss (Sphagnum) was among the five least productive mixtures.
The effect of ten mixtures of substrates for seedlings was evaluated. The mixtures were prepared with bocashi, compost and vermicompost, which was used at 50%, then mixed at a ratio of 25% sand, soil, coconut fiber and rice husks. The measured variables included total colony-forming units (CFU/g) of fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria, relative growth rate (RGR) and crop growth rate (CGR) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. The experiment was evaluated in Liberia, Guanacaste (Costa Rica). The experiment design was a randomized unrestricted model; and the CFU was measured before the sowing of the nurseries, along with the dry weight for the calculation of the RGR and CGR at 15, 22 and 29 days after sowing. A lower concentration of CFU of fungi (<104 UFC/g) was observed in the mixtures of 50% bocashi + 25% vermicompost + 25% rice husks; 50% vermicompost + 25% sand + 25% soil and 50% compost + 25% bocashi + 25% coconut fiber (50CBF). The highest dry weight treatment was 50% bocashi + 25% compost + 25% coconut fiber (50BCF) and 50CBF (P<0.01). The TCMR in the mixture 50% bocashi + 25% sand + 25% soil was 47% higher when compared to the control (peat moss); 50CBF presented the highest CGR. We concluded that the mixtures 50BCF, 50BAS and 50CBF had the best conditions for tomato plants and peat moss (Sphagnum) was among the five least productive mixtures.
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Palabras clave
Horticultura, Fibra de coco, Bocashi, Compost, Abono orgánico, Tomate, Horticulture, Coconut fiber, Vermicompost, Tomato