Actualización en el manejo en rehabilitación de los pacientes adultos con enfermedad de Parkinson
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Abstract
La enfermedad de Parkinson es una patología neurodegenerativa que afecta, principalmente, a personas adultas y tiene repercusiones en su funcionalidad, independencia y calidad de vida. La rehabilitación tiene un rol esencial en el abordaje integral de las personas adultas con enfermedad de Parkinson, permitiendo potenciar y mejorar funciones motoras y no motoras en las diferentes etapas del desarrollo del padecimiento. Sin embargo, existe una amplia heterogeneidad en las intervenciones empleadas en los procesos de rehabilitación y en la evidencia de su eficacia. Por lo cual, esta revisión bibliográfica analiza la literatura científica publicada entre 2017 y 2025, con el objetivo de sintetizar y actualizar el conocimiento sobre las principales intervenciones disponibles en rehabilitación. Se revisaron intervenciones en fisioterapia, terapia ocupacional, terapia del lenguaje, rehabilitación cognitiva y tecnologías emergentes como la realidad virtual y la estimulación cerebral. Los hallazgos respaldan el uso de programas de rehabilitación personalizados y transdisciplinarios, que aborden a las personas con enfermedad de Parkinson de manera integral durante todas las etapas de su afección. Esta revisión pretende servir como herramienta de referencia para profesionales de la salud en el manejo de estos pacientes, con el fin de optimizar su calidad de vida y su funcionalidad en todas las etapas.
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects adults and has significant repercussion on their functionality, independence, and quality of life. Rehabilitation plays a key role in the comprehensive management of adults with Parkinson’s disease, enhancing and improving both motor and non-motor functions throughout the different stages of disease progression. However, there is wide heterogeneity in the rehabilitation interventions used and in the evidence supporting their effectiveness. This literature review analyzes scientific publications from 2017 to 2025 with the aim of synthesizing and updating current knowledge on the main available rehabilitation interventions. Intervention reviewed includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and swallowing therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, and emerging technologies such as virtual reality and brain stimulation. The findings support the use of personalized, transdisciplinary rehabilitation programs that comprehensively address the needs of individuals with Parkinson’s disease across all stages. This review aims to serve as a reference tool for healthcare professionals involved in managing these patients, with the goal of improving their quality of life and functionality throughout the course of the disease.
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition that primarily affects adults and has significant repercussion on their functionality, independence, and quality of life. Rehabilitation plays a key role in the comprehensive management of adults with Parkinson’s disease, enhancing and improving both motor and non-motor functions throughout the different stages of disease progression. However, there is wide heterogeneity in the rehabilitation interventions used and in the evidence supporting their effectiveness. This literature review analyzes scientific publications from 2017 to 2025 with the aim of synthesizing and updating current knowledge on the main available rehabilitation interventions. Intervention reviewed includes physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and swallowing therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, and emerging technologies such as virtual reality and brain stimulation. The findings support the use of personalized, transdisciplinary rehabilitation programs that comprehensively address the needs of individuals with Parkinson’s disease across all stages. This review aims to serve as a reference tool for healthcare professionals involved in managing these patients, with the goal of improving their quality of life and functionality throughout the course of the disease.
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Keywords
Enfermedad de Parkinson, Rehabilitación, Terapia