Propuesta de protocolo de manejo analgésico de paciente sometido a cirugia cardiaca
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Corella Fallas, Ariana Paola
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Abstract
Entre un 47% y un 75% de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca, presenta un dolor postquirúrgico severo que corresponde a una de las principales causas de reingreso hospitalario y consulta médica en estos pacientes. Dicho dolor, el cual por lo general es sub tratado, puede llevar a alteraciones sistémicas, las cuales, a su vez, podrían prolongar la estancia hospitalaria. Tradicionalmente, la piedra angular en el manejo analgésico del paciente sometido a cirugía cardíaca ha sido el uso de opioides. Los fármacos de tipo opioide traen consigo una serie de efectos adversos, tanto agudos como crónicos, que resultan contraproducentes para este grupo de pacientes. En el presente trabajo se contempla la importancia del adecuado manejo analgésico de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Se presenta una propuesta de protocolo de manejo analgésico perioperatorio que incluye fármacos analgésicos, sus coadyuvantes y técnicas de analgesia regional.
Between 47% and 75% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery present severe postoperative pain, which corresponds to one of the main causes of hospital readmission and medical consultation in these patients. This pain, which is generally under-treated, can lead to systemic alterations that can prolong hospital stay. Traditionally, the cornerstone in the analgesic management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery has been the use of opioids. Opioid-type drugs bring with them a series of adverse effects, both acute and chronic, which are counterproductive for this group of patients. This paper contemplates the importance of proper analgesic management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A proposal for a perioperative analgesic management protocol that includes analgesic drugs, their adjuvants and regional analgesia techniques is presented.
Between 47% and 75% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery present severe postoperative pain, which corresponds to one of the main causes of hospital readmission and medical consultation in these patients. This pain, which is generally under-treated, can lead to systemic alterations that can prolong hospital stay. Traditionally, the cornerstone in the analgesic management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery has been the use of opioids. Opioid-type drugs bring with them a series of adverse effects, both acute and chronic, which are counterproductive for this group of patients. This paper contemplates the importance of proper analgesic management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. A proposal for a perioperative analgesic management protocol that includes analgesic drugs, their adjuvants and regional analgesia techniques is presented.
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Keywords
Opioides, Cirugía cardiaca, Nervios intercostales, Analgesia multimodal