Efecto de la protección y la nutrición sobre parámetros hídricos y el rendimiento de culantro coyote (Eryngium foetidum) hidropónico
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Authors
Soto Bravo, Freddy
Rodríguez Ocampo, Gustavo Alonso
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Abstract
Introducción. En Costa Rica, las prácticas
de cultivo en culantro coyote convencional,
en suelo a campo abierto, hacen ineficiente el uso
de los recursos y reducen la calidad, inocuidad
y los rendimientos, por lo que una alternativa
es el cultivo hidropónico protegido. Objetivo.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto
de la protección y la nutrición sobre parámetros
hídricos: eficiencia de uso de agua (EUA), evapotranspiración
de cultivo (ETc), drenaje, coeficientes
de cultivo (Kc) y el rendimiento fresco
de culantro coyote hidropónico. Materiales y
métodos. El estudio se realizó en el 2016, en la
Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit
Moreno, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Comprendió 2
etapas de un cultivo, etapa I, en época seca protegido
con sarán y etapa II, en época lluviosa
protegido con plástico. En ambas etapas hubo
4 tratamientos que combinaron 2 condiciones
ambientales, una con protección (CP) y otra
sin protección (SP), con 2 niveles de nutrición: alta (NA) y baja concentración de nutrientes
(NB). Se utilizó un diseño de 5 bloques al azar
con arreglo bifactorial 2 x 2. Resultados. El rendimiento
fue similar en CP y SP, sin embargo,
una menor ETc en CP incrementó la EUA. La
ETc fue similar en ambos niveles de nutrición,
no obstante, debido a mayor rendimiento, la
EUA en NA fue superior. En etapa I, el drenaje
únicamente fue afectado por la nutrición, por lo
que fue menor con NB; en etapa II, el drenaje
disminuyó apreciablemente con techo plástico
(CP). Los Kc no fueron afectados por ambos
factores, obtuvieron valores máximos de 1,15 y
1,4 en etapas I y II, repectivamente. Conclusión.
El sistema de cultivo hidropónico representa una
excelente alternativa al sistema de producción
convencional en suelo y campo abierto, ya que
incrementó la EUA producto de una apreciable
reducción de la ETc bajo protección y un sustancial
incremento en los rendimientos con nivel de
nutrición alto.
Introduction. In Costa Rica, cultivation practices in conventional wild coriander in open field soil, make resource use inefficient and reduce quality, safety and yields; therefore, an alternative is the protected hydroponic crop. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protection and nutrition on water parameters: water use efficiency (WUE), crop evapotranspiration (ETc ), drainage, crop coefficients (Kc ) and the fresh yield of hydroponic wild coriander. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2016, at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Experimental Station, Alajuela, Costa Rica. It included 2 stages of a crop, stage I, in dry season protected with sarán and stage II in rainy season protected with plastic. In both stages there were 4 treatments that combined 2 environmental conditions, one with protection (CP) and the other unprotected (SP), with 2 levels of nutrition: high (NA) and low nutrient concentration (NB). A randomized 5 blocks design with bifactorial arrangement of 2 x 2 was used. Results. The yield was similar in CP and SP, however, a lower ETc in CP increased the WUE. The ETc was similar in both levels of nutrition, however, due to higher yield, the WUE in NA was superior. In stage I, drainage was only affected by nutrition, being lower with NB; In stage II, drainage decreased significantly with plastic roof (CP). The Kc were not affected by both factors, obtaining maximum values of 1.15 and 1.4 in stages I and II, respectively. Conclusion. The hydroponic cultivation system represents an excellent alternative to the conventional production system in soil and open field, since it increased the WUE, product of an appreciable reduction of the ETc under protection and a substantial increase in yields with high nutrition level.
Introduction. In Costa Rica, cultivation practices in conventional wild coriander in open field soil, make resource use inefficient and reduce quality, safety and yields; therefore, an alternative is the protected hydroponic crop. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of protection and nutrition on water parameters: water use efficiency (WUE), crop evapotranspiration (ETc ), drainage, crop coefficients (Kc ) and the fresh yield of hydroponic wild coriander. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2016, at the Fabio Baudrit Moreno Agricultural Experimental Station, Alajuela, Costa Rica. It included 2 stages of a crop, stage I, in dry season protected with sarán and stage II in rainy season protected with plastic. In both stages there were 4 treatments that combined 2 environmental conditions, one with protection (CP) and the other unprotected (SP), with 2 levels of nutrition: high (NA) and low nutrient concentration (NB). A randomized 5 blocks design with bifactorial arrangement of 2 x 2 was used. Results. The yield was similar in CP and SP, however, a lower ETc in CP increased the WUE. The ETc was similar in both levels of nutrition, however, due to higher yield, the WUE in NA was superior. In stage I, drainage was only affected by nutrition, being lower with NB; In stage II, drainage decreased significantly with plastic roof (CP). The Kc were not affected by both factors, obtaining maximum values of 1.15 and 1.4 in stages I and II, respectively. Conclusion. The hydroponic cultivation system represents an excellent alternative to the conventional production system in soil and open field, since it increased the WUE, product of an appreciable reduction of the ETc under protection and a substantial increase in yields with high nutrition level.
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Keywords
Manejo del riego, Evapotranspiración, Volumen de drenaje, Eficiencia de uso de agua, Irrigation management, Evapotranspiration, Drainage volume, Water use efficiency, Crop productivity