Micropropagación de cuatro cultivares de arándano (Vaccinium spp.) a partir de segmentos foliares de dos procedencias
Fecha
2015
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Brenes Angulo, Arturo
Castillo Matamoros, Rolbin Esteban
Gómez Alpízar, Luis
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ISSN de la revista
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Resumen
Los cultivares de arándano Sharpblue, Woodard, Bonita y Delite se propagaron a partir de secciones de hoja procedentes de explantes uninodales establecidos in vitro y de secciones de hoja directamente del campo. Los explantes se colocaron en medio WPM suplementado con 1,5 mg.l-1 de TDZ para promover la brotación; luego se subcultivaron a medio fresco WPM suplementado con 0,5 ó 1,0 mg.l-1 de Zeatina, para promover el crecimiento de los brotes. Se determinó la longitud de la micromacolla y el número de brotes >2mm y >1cm por micromacolla. Brotes de 8-10 cm se cosecharon a las 8 semanas y se subcultivaron en WPM suplementado con 0, 1, 2, 4 u 8 mg.l-1 de AIB, para promover su enraizamiento; a las 10 semanas se trasplantaron a invernadero para aclimatización. Al cultivar los segmentos foliares en WPM con 1,5 mg.l-1 de TDZ se formaron micromacollas en todas las variedades, independientemente de la procedencia de la hoja, con un efecto significativo del cultivar, la procedencia, del explante y la interacción cultivar x procedencia, para el número de brotes >2 mm obtenidos. El tamaño de la micromacolla varió significativamente según cultivares, procedencia del explante e interacción cultivares x procedencia x concentración de zeatina, al trasferirse a un medio con 2 concentraciones del regulador de crecimiento, pero no hubo diferencias con respecto a éstas. El número de brotes > 2mm y la longitud del más largo variaron significativamente con el cultivar, y la interacción cultivar x procedencia del explante en WPM con 0,5 mg.l-1 de Zeatina. Explantes de Woodard a partir de vitrohoja produjeron el mayor número de brotes (44,70±13,34) y Delite de vitrohoja el menor (21,50±4,99). Los brotes subcultivados en WPM con diferentes concentraciones de AIB mostraron enraizamiento menor al 10% en todos los tratamientos. Sin embargo, al trasplantarse a invernadero se obtuvo 100% de enraizamiento, independientemente del tratamiento in vitro con AIB o la procedencia del explante. Todas las plántulas de los 4 cultivares se desarrollaron bien en invernadero y posteriormente en el campo.
Micropropagation of four blueberry cultivars. Sharpblue, Woodard, Bonita and Delite cultivars were propagated from leaf explants. Leaf sections from in vitro single-node explants were compared with those from plants in the field. The explants were placed in WPM medium supplemented with 1.5 mg.l-1 TDZ to promote sprouting, then subcultured to fresh WPM medium supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0 mg.l-1 zeatin to enhance adventitious shoot growth. Shoot clump length and number of shoots >2mm and >1cm in each clump were determined. Shoots 8 to 10 cm were harvested at 8 weeks and subcultured in WPM medium supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 mg.l-1 IBA for rooting. After 10 weeks, shoots were transplanted to greenhouse for acclimatization. The leaf segments cultured in WPM medium with TDZ formed adventitious shoot clumps in all varieties, regardless of leaf source. A significant effect of cultivar, source of explant and interaction cultivar x leaf source was found for shoots >2 mm. Clump size varied significantly among cultivars, leaf source, and interaction cultivars x source x zeatin concentration, when transfering to a medium with 2 concentrations of the growth regulator, but differences due to cytokinin concentration were found. Number of shoots >2mm and length of the longest shoot varied significantly with cultivar and the interaction cultivar x source of explant in WPM + zeatin medium. Woodard explants from in vitro leaf sections produced the highest number of shoots (44.70±13.34) and Delite the lowest (21.50±4.99). Shoots subcultured in WPM with different IBA concentrations had les than 10% rooting in all treatments. However, when transplanted to greenhouse 100% rooting was obtained, regardless of in vitro treatment with IBA or leaf explant source. All the microshoots of the 4 cultivars were successfully greenhouse acclimatized and plantlets later established in the field.
Micropropagation of four blueberry cultivars. Sharpblue, Woodard, Bonita and Delite cultivars were propagated from leaf explants. Leaf sections from in vitro single-node explants were compared with those from plants in the field. The explants were placed in WPM medium supplemented with 1.5 mg.l-1 TDZ to promote sprouting, then subcultured to fresh WPM medium supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0 mg.l-1 zeatin to enhance adventitious shoot growth. Shoot clump length and number of shoots >2mm and >1cm in each clump were determined. Shoots 8 to 10 cm were harvested at 8 weeks and subcultured in WPM medium supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8 mg.l-1 IBA for rooting. After 10 weeks, shoots were transplanted to greenhouse for acclimatization. The leaf segments cultured in WPM medium with TDZ formed adventitious shoot clumps in all varieties, regardless of leaf source. A significant effect of cultivar, source of explant and interaction cultivar x leaf source was found for shoots >2 mm. Clump size varied significantly among cultivars, leaf source, and interaction cultivars x source x zeatin concentration, when transfering to a medium with 2 concentrations of the growth regulator, but differences due to cytokinin concentration were found. Number of shoots >2mm and length of the longest shoot varied significantly with cultivar and the interaction cultivar x source of explant in WPM + zeatin medium. Woodard explants from in vitro leaf sections produced the highest number of shoots (44.70±13.34) and Delite the lowest (21.50±4.99). Shoots subcultured in WPM with different IBA concentrations had les than 10% rooting in all treatments. However, when transplanted to greenhouse 100% rooting was obtained, regardless of in vitro treatment with IBA or leaf explant source. All the microshoots of the 4 cultivars were successfully greenhouse acclimatized and plantlets later established in the field.
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Palabras clave
Cultivo de tejidos, Reguladores de crecimiento, TDZ, AIB, Zeatina, Aclimatización