Determinación del grado de actividad física e intención de cambio en niñas y niños que participaron en las Escuelas Deportivas y Recreativas del Verano del 2005 de la Universidad de Costa Rica
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Abstract
El propósito del estudio fue determinar el grado de actividad física y la intención de cambio en niñas, niños y adolescentes matriculadas(os) en un programa de actividad física en la Universidad de Costa Rica. Las y los participantes (113 sujetos con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y 16 años) respondieron un cuestionario relacionado con la intención de cambio de su actividad física, sus hábitos actuales y las Yamileth Chacón Araya1José Moneada Jiménez2posibilidades de práctica de la actividad física. Los resultados mostraron que el 80.5% de las niñas y los niños realizaba ejercicio regularmente, al menos durante tres meses consecutivos. Se determinó que el 50.4o/clde las y los participantes no tiene la oportunidad de salir a jugar solos, si no los acompañan sus padres o encargados, y el 91.2% consideraba importante realizar ejercicio junto a sus progenitores. El 94.7% de las(os) encuestadas(os) recibe clases de Educación Física formales, pero sólo entre una y dos clases semanales, situación que repercute en su salud física y mental futura y en su posibilidad de incorporar el hábito de ejercitarse en su estilo de vida. Con base en el modelo de las etapas de cambio, se clasificó al 67.3% de las niñas y los niños, de las(os) cuales un 55.8% se ubicó en la etapa de mantenimiento. Este es el primer intento que se realiza en Costa Rica para clasificar a las niñas y los niños utilizando un modelo teórico, y los resultados son congruentes con los reportados en estudios efectuados en otros países. En conclusión, se recomienda el uso de este modelo transteórico para detectar la disponibilidad para el cambio en niñas, niños y adolescentes hacia hábitos y estilos de vida saludables. Es necesario ampliar los parámetros para realizar otras investigaciones al respecto.
The aim of the study was to assess the levels of physical activity and potential for behavior change among children and youth who participated in a structured summer camp program in physical activity and sports at the University of Costa Rica. Participants were 113 subjects with an age range between 8 and 16 years. Subjects responded to a "Stages of Change" questionnaire, and also to items regarding habitual physical activity, and opportunities for becoming physically-active. Statistical analysis showed that 80.5% of the participants exercised regularly (i.e., 190 / Educare for at least for three consecutive months). It was estimated that 50.4% of the participants did not have the opportunity to play outdoors without parental and/or legal supervision, and that about 91.2% considered important to exercise along with their parents. From the sample studied, it was found that 94.7% had consistently received only one or two formal Physical Education classes throughout their lives; which might impact their future physical and psychological health and their possibilities to achieve a desired exercise adherence. Only 67.3% of the participants were classified in a stage based on the Stages of Change Model for physical activity, with 55.8% from those belonging to the maintenance stage. This is the first attempt to investigate the intention to change in Costa Rican children; however, the results from the present study are consistent with those reported in other countries. In conclusion, the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change might be appropriate to detect disposition to change from detrimental behaviors towards a positive and healthy lifestyle in children and adolescents. Further research is needed to study moderator variables that might impact behavior changes in this population.
The aim of the study was to assess the levels of physical activity and potential for behavior change among children and youth who participated in a structured summer camp program in physical activity and sports at the University of Costa Rica. Participants were 113 subjects with an age range between 8 and 16 years. Subjects responded to a "Stages of Change" questionnaire, and also to items regarding habitual physical activity, and opportunities for becoming physically-active. Statistical analysis showed that 80.5% of the participants exercised regularly (i.e., 190 / Educare for at least for three consecutive months). It was estimated that 50.4% of the participants did not have the opportunity to play outdoors without parental and/or legal supervision, and that about 91.2% considered important to exercise along with their parents. From the sample studied, it was found that 94.7% had consistently received only one or two formal Physical Education classes throughout their lives; which might impact their future physical and psychological health and their possibilities to achieve a desired exercise adherence. Only 67.3% of the participants were classified in a stage based on the Stages of Change Model for physical activity, with 55.8% from those belonging to the maintenance stage. This is the first attempt to investigate the intention to change in Costa Rican children; however, the results from the present study are consistent with those reported in other countries. In conclusion, the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change might be appropriate to detect disposition to change from detrimental behaviors towards a positive and healthy lifestyle in children and adolescents. Further research is needed to study moderator variables that might impact behavior changes in this population.
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modelo transteórico, ejercicio, educación física, actividad física, sedentarismo, niñas y niños