Ejercicio y algunos mecanismos moleculares que subyacen a una mejora del desempeño en tareas cognitivas
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Montero Herrera, Bryan
Fornaguera Trías, Jaime
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Abstract
Potenciar el aprendizaje y la memoria se ha convertido en una tarea de
interés para muchos investigadores. Artículos recientes han podido comprobar
que el ejercicio es una clara herramienta para mejorar capacidades cognitivas
de personas y animales gracias a que favorece la liberación de sustancias
tales como neurotransmisores y factores neurotróficos. Uno de los factores más
importantes es el factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF), que
promueve la generación de cambios a nivel neuronal necesarios para la
potenciación a largo plazo (fortalecimiento de memorias). Se realizó una
búsqueda en las bases de datos de EBSCOhost -en las bases de Academic
Search Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES y SPORTDiscus-, Google
Scholar, Pubmed y ScienceDirect utilizando una serie de palabras con sus
respectivos criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En este trabajo se explican los
procesos asociados con la potenciación a largo plazo, abarcando temas como
neuroplasticidad, la unión del BDNF con su receptor (receptores de tirosina
quinasa B), y además el mecanismo por medio del cual la liberación de la
mioquina irisina, como una consecuencia del ejercicio, promueve el aumento de
las concentraciones de BDNF en sangre. Basándose en numerosa literatura
se describe la relación que existe entre el ejercicio y la generación de
cambios neuroplásticos estimulados por proteínas como el BDNF y la
consecuente mejoría en la memoria
Increase learning and memory has been one of the major goals for many researchers. Recent articles have proved that exercise can influence some cognitive capacities in people and animals. These benefits are obtained for releasing substances such as neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors. One of the most important factors is the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promotes changes in neurons necessary for long term potentiation (memory strengthening). A search was carried out in the databases EBSCOhost -in the bases de Academic Search Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES y SPORTDiscus-, Google Scholar, Pubmed and ScienceDirect using words with their respective inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this work is explained the processes related with long term potentiation, including topics such as: neuroplasticity, join of BDNF with its receptor (tyrosine kinase receptor). Moreover, some aspects about the mechanisms by means of which the myokine irisin, after exercise promotes an increase of BDNF concentrations in blood. Based in many literature it describes the relation between exercise and neuroplastic changes induced by proteins such as BDNF, and the final improvement in memory.
Increase learning and memory has been one of the major goals for many researchers. Recent articles have proved that exercise can influence some cognitive capacities in people and animals. These benefits are obtained for releasing substances such as neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors. One of the most important factors is the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which promotes changes in neurons necessary for long term potentiation (memory strengthening). A search was carried out in the databases EBSCOhost -in the bases de Academic Search Complete, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES y SPORTDiscus-, Google Scholar, Pubmed and ScienceDirect using words with their respective inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this work is explained the processes related with long term potentiation, including topics such as: neuroplasticity, join of BDNF with its receptor (tyrosine kinase receptor). Moreover, some aspects about the mechanisms by means of which the myokine irisin, after exercise promotes an increase of BDNF concentrations in blood. Based in many literature it describes the relation between exercise and neuroplastic changes induced by proteins such as BDNF, and the final improvement in memory.
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Keywords
Aprendizaje, BDNF, Ejercicio, Irisina, Memoria, Potenciación a largo plazo, Learning, Exercise, Irisin, Memory, Long term potentiation
Citation
http://www.revistas.uma.es/index.php/riccafd/article/view/8303