El silencio de Sócrates en el Sofista de Platón: el problema de la primacía de la otredad en el recusar socrático
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Sócrates se moviliza a un lugar marginal y silencioso en el diálogo tardío el Sofista: recusa el papel protagónico para dárselo a la enigmática figura del Extranjero. Proponemos pensar este cambio a la luz de un gesto que determinaría de modo esencial al Sócrates platónico y que se piensa como un recusarse, el cual se fundaría en una primacía de la otredad que permitiría una producción filosófica originada en el encuentro dialogal con sus interlocutores. En la medida en que el saber se produce en los otros por medio del diálogo, Sócrates se mantendría en una situación recusada y no protagónica. Pero, además, en la medida en que las ideas son alteridades que conducen y orientan el pensamiento, tampoco es el pensador quien ostenta un papel protagónico. Desde esto, cuando ya ni siquiera fuese Sócrates quien guía el diálogo mayéutico, sino el Extranjero, consideramos que este silencio puede pensarse como fundado en la determinación esencial de Sócrates como recusador. En este sentido, abordaremos los modos cómo Sócrates se relaciona con sus interlocutores y con las ideas para mostrar dos tipos de silencio a los que conduce a sus interlocutores: el silencio aporético que libera de la repetición doxástica y el silencio que sucede en el estado de éxtasis cuando se es interpelado por las ideas. Nos proponemos desentrañar el carácter recusador de este personaje en estos dos tipos de silencio para revelar cómo la alteridad ostenta una primacía que se radicalizaría con su silencio en el Sofista.
Socrates moves to a marginal and silent role in the late dialogue the Sophist: he relinquishes the leading role to the enigmatic figure of the Stranger. Here, we propose to consider this shift in light of a gesture that would essentially define the Platonic Socrates—one conceived as a recusal, grounded in a primacy of otherness that enables a philosophical production arising from the dialogical encounter with his interlocutors. To the extent that knowledge emerges in others through dialogue, Socrates remains in a recused, non-leading position. Moreover, since ideas themselves are alterities that guide and direct thought, neither does the thinker hold a leading role in this regard. From this perspective, when even the maieutic dialogue is no longer led by Socrates but by the Stranger, we argue that this silence can be understood as rooted in Socrates' essential determination as one who recuses himself. In this sense, we will examine the ways in which Socrates relates to his interlocutors and to ideas to reveal two kinds of silence to which he leads them: the aporetic silence that liberates from doxastic repetition and the silence that arises in the state of ecstasy when one is confronted by ideas. We aim to unravel the recusing nature of this character in these two forms of silence to show how otherness holds a primacy that becomes radicalized with Socrates' silence in the Sophist.
Socrates moves to a marginal and silent role in the late dialogue the Sophist: he relinquishes the leading role to the enigmatic figure of the Stranger. Here, we propose to consider this shift in light of a gesture that would essentially define the Platonic Socrates—one conceived as a recusal, grounded in a primacy of otherness that enables a philosophical production arising from the dialogical encounter with his interlocutors. To the extent that knowledge emerges in others through dialogue, Socrates remains in a recused, non-leading position. Moreover, since ideas themselves are alterities that guide and direct thought, neither does the thinker hold a leading role in this regard. From this perspective, when even the maieutic dialogue is no longer led by Socrates but by the Stranger, we argue that this silence can be understood as rooted in Socrates' essential determination as one who recuses himself. In this sense, we will examine the ways in which Socrates relates to his interlocutors and to ideas to reveal two kinds of silence to which he leads them: the aporetic silence that liberates from doxastic repetition and the silence that arises in the state of ecstasy when one is confronted by ideas. We aim to unravel the recusing nature of this character in these two forms of silence to show how otherness holds a primacy that becomes radicalized with Socrates' silence in the Sophist.
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Sofista, Platón, Sócrates, otredad, alteridades, diálogo mayéutico, silencio discursivo, recusación, mayéutica, teoría de las ideas
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