Estrategias psicoeducativas desde el modelo cognitivo conductual para la promoción de la salud mental en personas con diagnóstico DM tipo 2 que asisten al programa de medicina familiar del Área de Salud de Liberia
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Camacho Camacho, María del Rosario
Hernández Chevez, Lang Ying
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El objetivo de esta investigación aplicada fue promover la salud mental en personas con diagnóstico Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, quienes asisten al Programa de Medicina Familiar del Área de Salud de Liberia, a través de estrategias psicoeducativas basadas en el modelo cognitivo-conductual. El estudio se basó en el paradigma investigativo naturalista-interpretativo y se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, bajo el diseño investigación-acción. Además, se empleó el modelo cognitivo conductual para llevar a cabo la intervención psicológica, a través de procesos psicoeducativos grupales dirigidos a personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2.
Se utilizaron diferentes procedimientos para la recolección de información, entre ellos, se incluyen la entrevista semiestructurada aplicada a las personas participantes (Apéndice H) para la fase diagnóstica, la ejecución de talleres, la observación participante, así como las anotaciones y el registro por parte de las facilitadoras.
El informe brinda una sistematización detallada de la ejecución del abordaje psicoeducativo con el grupo de participantes, así como el análisis exhaustivo de sus discursos. Se destaca el haber facilitado la reflexión de creencias e ideas con respecto a la salud, la expresión de los sentimientos y emociones que surgen durante el proceso de su enfermedad. Además, se identificó la necesidad de recibir un mayor apoyo de profesionales en el área de la salud de manera integral, mediante espacios grupales.
El abordaje psicoeducativo grupal permitió a las personas participantes adquirir estrategias cognitivas-conductuales para el control de pensamientos negativos, la regulación de sus emociones y la autonomía. Además, lograron aplicar lo aprendido a nivel personal, familiar, laboral y social. Durante las sesiones, se abordaron diversos temas relacionados a la práctica de hábitos saludables, manejo del estrés, la toma de decisiones informadas, alimentación, comunicaciones asertivas, el ejercicio físico, entre otros.
Por último, se considera que la intervención terapéutica grupal, bajo el modelo cognitivo-conductual, facilitó la oportunidad de reflexionar y tomar conciencia en las personas participantes al adquirir estrategias y herramientas de afrontamiento para gestionar las emociones y cuidarse a sí mismo.
The objective of this applied research was to promote mental health in people diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, who attend the Family Medicine Program of the Liberia Health Area, through psychoeducational strategies based on the cognitive-behavioral model. The study was based on the naturalistic-interpretive research paradigm and a qualitative approach, under the action research design. In addition, the cognitive behavioral model was used to carry out the psychological intervention, through group psychoeducational processes aimed at people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Different procedures were used to collect information, including semi-structured interviews applied to the participants (Appendix H) for the diagnostic phase, the execution of workshops, participant observation, as well as annotations and registration by the facilitators. The report provides a detailed systematization of the execution of the psychoeducational approach with the group of participants, as well an exhaustive discourse analysis. It stands out for having facilitated the reflection of beliefs and ideas regarding health, the expression of feelings and emotions that arise during the process of their illness. In addition, their need to receive greater support from professionals in the health area in a comprehensive manner, through group spaces, was identified. The group psychoeducational approach allowed the participants to acquire cognitive-behavioral strategies for the control of negative thoughts, the regulation of their emotions and autonomy. In addition, they managed to apply what they learned at a personal, family, work, and social level. During the sessions, various topics related to the practice of healthy habits, stress management, informed decision making, nutrition, assertive communications, physical exercise, among others, were addressed. Finally, it is considered that the group therapeutic intervention, under the cognitive-behavioral model, facilitated the opportunity for participants to reflect and become aware by acquiring coping strategies and tools to manage emotions and take care of themselves.
The objective of this applied research was to promote mental health in people diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, who attend the Family Medicine Program of the Liberia Health Area, through psychoeducational strategies based on the cognitive-behavioral model. The study was based on the naturalistic-interpretive research paradigm and a qualitative approach, under the action research design. In addition, the cognitive behavioral model was used to carry out the psychological intervention, through group psychoeducational processes aimed at people with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Different procedures were used to collect information, including semi-structured interviews applied to the participants (Appendix H) for the diagnostic phase, the execution of workshops, participant observation, as well as annotations and registration by the facilitators. The report provides a detailed systematization of the execution of the psychoeducational approach with the group of participants, as well an exhaustive discourse analysis. It stands out for having facilitated the reflection of beliefs and ideas regarding health, the expression of feelings and emotions that arise during the process of their illness. In addition, their need to receive greater support from professionals in the health area in a comprehensive manner, through group spaces, was identified. The group psychoeducational approach allowed the participants to acquire cognitive-behavioral strategies for the control of negative thoughts, the regulation of their emotions and autonomy. In addition, they managed to apply what they learned at a personal, family, work, and social level. During the sessions, various topics related to the practice of healthy habits, stress management, informed decision making, nutrition, assertive communications, physical exercise, among others, were addressed. Finally, it is considered that the group therapeutic intervention, under the cognitive-behavioral model, facilitated the opportunity for participants to reflect and become aware by acquiring coping strategies and tools to manage emotions and take care of themselves.
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