Producción de biomasa y calidad nutricional de tres forrajes cosechados a dos alturas
Fecha
2017-04
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Elizondo Salazar, Jorge Alberto
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Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto que tiene la altura de cosecha sobre el rendimiento y calidad nutricional en tres especies forrajeras utilizadas para alimentación de ganado lechero. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Estación Experimental “Alfredo Volio Mata” de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Las especies evaluadas fueron maíz criollo (Zea mays), sorgo negro forrajero (Sorghum almum) y pasto king grass cultivar Taiwán (Pennisetum purpureum), cosechadas a dos alturas de corte (15 y 45 cm sobre el nivel del suelo). El rendimiento del forraje verde fue diferente (P<0,05) dentro de cada especie y el de materia seca (MS) disminuyó del 17 al 42%, al aumentar la altura de corte. Cuando la cosecha se realizó a 15 cm, el maíz, el sorgo negro forrajero y el pasto Taiwán presentaron un rendimiento de materia verde de 51,3, 31,4 y 70,9 t/ha/corte, respectivamente. Con respecto al rendimiento de materia seca (MS), el pasto Taiwán presentó la mayor producción con 11,6 t/ha/corte, cuando se cosechó a 15 cm, mientras que el maíz presentó un rendimiento de 5,4 t/ha/corte cuando se cosechó a 45 cm. El sorgo negro forrajero mejoró significativamente (P<0,05) su perfil nutricional al incrementar la altura de cosecha. La concentración de MS se incrementó de 22,79 a 25,53%, la proteína cruda pasó de 8,24 a 12,90%, mientras que la fibra neutro detergente disminuyó de 63,69 a 59,47% y la fibra ácido detergente pasó de 43,15 a 37,30%.
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of cutting height on yield and nutritional quality of three forage species used for feeding dairy cattle. The study was carried out at the “Alfredo Volio Mata” Experiment Station of the University of Costa Rica. The evaluated species were: native corn (Zea mays), black sorghum (Sorghum almum) and king grass cultivar Taiwan (Pennisetum purpureum); these three species were harvested at two different cutting heights (15 and 45 cm above ground). Green forage yield was significantly different (P<0.05) within each of the species and dry matter (DM) yield was reduced between 17 to 42% when cutting height was increased. When cutting height was done at 15 cm above ground, corn, black sorghum and Taiwan yielded 51.3, 31.4 and 70.9 t/ha/ cycle, respectively. With regard to DM, the forage species that yielded the most when harvested at 15 cm above ground was Taiwan grass, with 11.6 t/ha/cycle, while the forage species that yielded the least when harvested at 45 cm was corn with only 5.4 t/ha. Black sorghum signi cantly (P<0.05) improved its nutritive value when cutting height was increased. DM concentration increased from 22.79 to 25.53%, crude protein also increased from 8.24 to 12.90%, meanwhile neutral detergent fiber decreased from 63.69 to 59.47% and acid detergent fiber also decreased from 43.15 to 37.30%.
The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of cutting height on yield and nutritional quality of three forage species used for feeding dairy cattle. The study was carried out at the “Alfredo Volio Mata” Experiment Station of the University of Costa Rica. The evaluated species were: native corn (Zea mays), black sorghum (Sorghum almum) and king grass cultivar Taiwan (Pennisetum purpureum); these three species were harvested at two different cutting heights (15 and 45 cm above ground). Green forage yield was significantly different (P<0.05) within each of the species and dry matter (DM) yield was reduced between 17 to 42% when cutting height was increased. When cutting height was done at 15 cm above ground, corn, black sorghum and Taiwan yielded 51.3, 31.4 and 70.9 t/ha/ cycle, respectively. With regard to DM, the forage species that yielded the most when harvested at 15 cm above ground was Taiwan grass, with 11.6 t/ha/cycle, while the forage species that yielded the least when harvested at 45 cm was corn with only 5.4 t/ha. Black sorghum signi cantly (P<0.05) improved its nutritive value when cutting height was increased. DM concentration increased from 22.79 to 25.53%, crude protein also increased from 8.24 to 12.90%, meanwhile neutral detergent fiber decreased from 63.69 to 59.47% and acid detergent fiber also decreased from 43.15 to 37.30%.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Rendimiento forrajero, Alimentación animal, Pastos tropicales, Forage yield, Animal nutrition, Tropical forages