Morfología de los estados inmaduros y biología de Cactoblastis doddi (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) en la prepuna de Jujuy (noroeste de Argentina).
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artículo original
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Gomez, Graciela Cecilia
Neder de Román, Lilia Estela
Linares, Mario Alfredo
Zamar, María Inés
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Universidad de Costa Rica
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En el noroeste argentino se reconocen cinco especies o biotipos del género Cactoblastis Ragonot sobre cactáceas: C. cactorum (Berg), C. bucyrus Dyar, C. mundelli Heinrich, C. doddi Heinrich y C. ronnai (Brèthes). Cactoblastis doddi se alimenta de Opuntia sulphurea, cactácea nativa. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron caracterizar morfológicamente los estados inmaduros de C. doddi y conocer aspectos bioecológicos (duración del desarrollo, distribución, parasitoides larvales) para comprender la interacción insecto-planta. Se realizaron muestreos en siete sitios ubicados a distintas altitudes (2 100-3 100 m) en la prepuna jujeña, Argentina. Cada muestra consistió de cinco cladodios de O. sulphurea infestados por sitio. En laboratorio se realizó la cría del lepidóptero bajo las siguientes condiciones: temperatura: 23 ± 3 °C; humedad relativa: 69 ± 11 % y fotoperiodo de 12 horas luz-12 horas oscuridad. Cactoblastis doddi tuvo dos generaciones anuales en laboratorio: una larga de invierno (> 258 días) y una corta de verano (147 días), ambas con siete estadios larvales. Se describieron morfológicamente todos los estadios. Se detectaron dos parasitoides larvales: Apanteles opuntiarum Martínez y Berta y Habrobracon sp. Se confirma y amplía la distribución argentina de C. doddi a la localidad de Coraya, Jujuy (3 069 m).
In argentinian Northwestern five species or biotypes of the genus Cactoblastis Ragonot are recognized on cacti: C. cactorum (Berg), C. Bucyrus Dyar, C. mundelli Heinrich, C. doddi Heinrich and C. ronnai (Brèthes). Cactoblastis doddi feeds on Opuntia sulphurea, a native cactus. The objectives of this study were to morphologically characterize immature stages of C. doddi and to know bioecological aspects (duration of the development, distribution, larval parasitoids) to understand the insect-plant interaction. Sampling were conducted at seven sites located at different altitudes (2 100-3 100 meters) in Jujuy’s prepuna, Argentina. Each sample consisted of five infested cladodes of O. sulphurea in each site. In the laboratory, lepidopteran breeding was performed under the following conditions: temperature 23 ± 3°C, relative humidity 69 ± 11 % and photoperiod of 12 hours light-12 hours dark. Under previous conditions, Cactoblastis doddi had two generations: a long one in winter (> 258 days) and a short one in summer (147 days), both with seven larval instars. Each immature stage and instars were morphologically characterized. Two larval parasitoids were detected Apanteles opuntiarum Martínez y Berta, and Habrobracon sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). It confirms and extends the Argentinian distribution of C. doddi to Coraya, Jujuy (3 069 m).
In argentinian Northwestern five species or biotypes of the genus Cactoblastis Ragonot are recognized on cacti: C. cactorum (Berg), C. Bucyrus Dyar, C. mundelli Heinrich, C. doddi Heinrich and C. ronnai (Brèthes). Cactoblastis doddi feeds on Opuntia sulphurea, a native cactus. The objectives of this study were to morphologically characterize immature stages of C. doddi and to know bioecological aspects (duration of the development, distribution, larval parasitoids) to understand the insect-plant interaction. Sampling were conducted at seven sites located at different altitudes (2 100-3 100 meters) in Jujuy’s prepuna, Argentina. Each sample consisted of five infested cladodes of O. sulphurea in each site. In the laboratory, lepidopteran breeding was performed under the following conditions: temperature 23 ± 3°C, relative humidity 69 ± 11 % and photoperiod of 12 hours light-12 hours dark. Under previous conditions, Cactoblastis doddi had two generations: a long one in winter (> 258 days) and a short one in summer (147 days), both with seven larval instars. Each immature stage and instars were morphologically characterized. Two larval parasitoids were detected Apanteles opuntiarum Martínez y Berta, and Habrobracon sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). It confirms and extends the Argentinian distribution of C. doddi to Coraya, Jujuy (3 069 m).
Palabras clave
Cactoblastis doddi, ciclo de vida, distribución, Opuntia sulphurea, Argentina, Cactoblastis doddi, life cycle, distribution, Opuntia sulphurea, Argentina