Descripción de la epidemiología y los hallazgos en fondo de ojo de los pacientes de o a 12 años de edad con infección congénita o adquirida por toxoplasmosis entre 01 de enero 2020 y el 01 enero 2023 captados en el Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Nacional de Niños
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Introducción. Las manifestaciones oculares de los pacientes que sufren infección congénita por el complejo TORCHS, en especial por toxoplasmosis e infección adquirida por este mismo germen, pueden presentar afectación prácticamente de cualquier estructura ocular con lesiones temporales y/o permanentes en el mismo. La identificación de los pacientes afectados por toxoplasmosis es crítica, incluyendo la respectiva valoración ocular a través de fondo de ojo. Este estudio se enfoca en el análisis de las lesiones más frecuentes, su descripción y epidemiología y las consecuencias de su presencia, recomendaciones y fortalecimiento asociadas al tamizaje neonatal y la sospecha de infección en las demás edades para la identificación temprana y la prevención de los efectos de su progresión a causa de la cronicidad. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los hallazgos más frecuentemente encontrados en nuestra población pediátrica secundarios a la infección ocular congénita y adquirida por toxoplasmosis. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, inicialmente filtrando 9524 pruebas de IgM/IgG por Toxoplasma gondii, de las cuales 369 entraron entre la población posible a valorar como candidatos de este proyecto por edad, por positividad de las pruebas y por fecha de los estudios, de la revisión de estos expedientes, concluimos con 80 pacientes de los 0 a 12 años, valorados en el servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Nacional de Niños con IgM, IgA, IgE y/o IgG positivas por Toxoplasma gondii, durante un período de 3 años (01 enero del 2020 – 01 enero del 2023) que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Se registraron y analizaron las alteraciones más frecuentes encontradas en los fondos de ojo, entre otras variables como respuesta a tratamiento. Resultados: En total 80 pacientes con diagnóstico de toxoplasmosis que se valoraron en el Servicio de Oftamología del HNN fueron incluidos en el estudio. Se encontró una diferencia considerable entre la infección congénita (n:17) y la infección adquirida (n:61), representando el 21.25% y el 76.25% respectivamente. De los pacientes incluidos en el estudio se documentó con sintomatología ocular el 57.50% y presentaban lesiones asociadas a toxoplasmosis ocular el 40% de los pacientes en el fondo de ojo inicial (n:32) y 33.75% pacientes en el fondo de ojo control (n:27), de ellos, en el FOI, 16 pacientes eran hombres y 16 mujeres, 50% respectivamente, la edad media al momento del diagnóstico fue de 6.8 años, con edad media de captación por el servicio de oftalmología a los 7.3 años. De los 32 pacientes con fondo de ojo alterado las lesiones fueron unilaterales en el 68.75% (n:22) y bilaterales en el 31,25% (n:10), en dichas lesiones oculares se documentó actividad inflamatoria en 16 pacientes (20%) de los cuáles 14 recibieron tratamiento y 6 pacientes (7.50%) persistieron con actividad infecciosa en el fondo de ojo control posterior al tratamiento, en el caso de 2 pacientes se desconoce si recibieron el tratamiento pero presentaron resolución de la actividad de las lesiones en el FOC. Se identifica en este estudio 32 pacientes con lesiones oculares, siendo la corriorretinitis y las cicatrices maculares como las lesiones más frecuentemente encontradas, ambas lesiones en el 21.25% de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La infección congénita y adquirida por Toxoplasma gondii presenta una elevada afectación ocular en la población pediátrica siendo de vital importancia su identificación y seguimiento temprano.
Introduction. The ocular manifestations of patients who suffer congenital infection due to the TORCHS complex, especially due to toxoplasmosis and acquired infection by this same germ, can present involvement of practically any ocular structure with temporary and/or permanent lesions therein. The identification of patients affected by toxoplasmosis is critical, including the respective ocular evaluation through the fundus of the eye. This study focuses on the analysis of the most frequent lesions, their description and epidemiology and the consequences of their presence, recommendations and strengthening associated with neonatal screening and suspicion of infection in other ages for early identification and prevention of the effects. of its progression due to chronicity. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the findings most frequently found in our pediatric population secondary to congenital and acquired ocular infection due to toxoplasmosis. Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out with initially filtering 9524 IgM/IgG tests for Toxoplasma gondii of which 369 entered the possible population to be evaluated as candidates of the tests and by the date of the studies. From the review of these records, we concluded with 80 patients from 0 to 12 years old, evaluated in the Ophthalmology Service of “El Hospital Nacional de Niños” with IgM and/or IgG positive for Toxoplasma gondii, during a period of 3 years (January 1, 2020 – January 1, 2023) that met the established inclusion criteria. The most frequent alterations found in the fundus of the eye were recorded and analyzed, among other variables like response to treatment. Results: A total of 80 patients with a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis who were evaluated at the HNN ophthalmology service were included in the study. A considerable difference was found between congenital infection (n:17) and acquired infection (n:61), representing 21.25% and 76.25% respectively. Of the patients included in the study, 57.50% were documented with ocular symptoms and 40% patients had lesions associated with ocular toxoplasmosis in the initial eye fundus (n:32) and 33.75% patients in the control eye fundus (n:27), of which, in the initial fondus of the eye, 16 patients were men and 16 women, 50% respectively, the average age at the time of diagnosis was 6.81 years, with the average age of recruitment by the ophthalmology service at 7.31 years old. Of the 32 patients with altered fundus, the lesions were unilateral in the 68.75% (n:22) and bilateral in 31.25% (n:10), in these ocular lesions inflammatory activity was documented in the 20.00% (n:16). of which 14 received treatment and 6 patients (7.50%) persisted with infectious activity in the control fundus after treatment, in the case of 2 patients it is unknown if they received the treatment but they presented resolution of the activity of lesions in the fundus control. In this study, 32 patients with ocular lesions were identified, with chorioretinitis and macular scars being the most frequently found lesions, both lesions in 21.25% of the patients. Conclusions: Congenital and acquired infection by Toxoplasma gondii has a high level of ocular involvement in the pediatric population, making its early identification and follow-up of vital importance.
Introduction. The ocular manifestations of patients who suffer congenital infection due to the TORCHS complex, especially due to toxoplasmosis and acquired infection by this same germ, can present involvement of practically any ocular structure with temporary and/or permanent lesions therein. The identification of patients affected by toxoplasmosis is critical, including the respective ocular evaluation through the fundus of the eye. This study focuses on the analysis of the most frequent lesions, their description and epidemiology and the consequences of their presence, recommendations and strengthening associated with neonatal screening and suspicion of infection in other ages for early identification and prevention of the effects. of its progression due to chronicity. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the findings most frequently found in our pediatric population secondary to congenital and acquired ocular infection due to toxoplasmosis. Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out with initially filtering 9524 IgM/IgG tests for Toxoplasma gondii of which 369 entered the possible population to be evaluated as candidates of the tests and by the date of the studies. From the review of these records, we concluded with 80 patients from 0 to 12 years old, evaluated in the Ophthalmology Service of “El Hospital Nacional de Niños” with IgM and/or IgG positive for Toxoplasma gondii, during a period of 3 years (January 1, 2020 – January 1, 2023) that met the established inclusion criteria. The most frequent alterations found in the fundus of the eye were recorded and analyzed, among other variables like response to treatment. Results: A total of 80 patients with a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis who were evaluated at the HNN ophthalmology service were included in the study. A considerable difference was found between congenital infection (n:17) and acquired infection (n:61), representing 21.25% and 76.25% respectively. Of the patients included in the study, 57.50% were documented with ocular symptoms and 40% patients had lesions associated with ocular toxoplasmosis in the initial eye fundus (n:32) and 33.75% patients in the control eye fundus (n:27), of which, in the initial fondus of the eye, 16 patients were men and 16 women, 50% respectively, the average age at the time of diagnosis was 6.81 years, with the average age of recruitment by the ophthalmology service at 7.31 years old. Of the 32 patients with altered fundus, the lesions were unilateral in the 68.75% (n:22) and bilateral in 31.25% (n:10), in these ocular lesions inflammatory activity was documented in the 20.00% (n:16). of which 14 received treatment and 6 patients (7.50%) persisted with infectious activity in the control fundus after treatment, in the case of 2 patients it is unknown if they received the treatment but they presented resolution of the activity of lesions in the fundus control. In this study, 32 patients with ocular lesions were identified, with chorioretinitis and macular scars being the most frequently found lesions, both lesions in 21.25% of the patients. Conclusions: Congenital and acquired infection by Toxoplasma gondii has a high level of ocular involvement in the pediatric population, making its early identification and follow-up of vital importance.
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Keywords
complejo TORCHS, toxoplasmosis, valoración ocular, fondo de ojo, infección ocular congénita, infección ocular adquirida, Toxoplasma gondii, población pediátrica, TORSCH complex, ocular evaluation, fundus of the eye, congenital ocular infection, acquired ocular infection, pediatric population