Experiencias docentes en la mediación pedagógica del eje curricular de tecnología en las carreras de bibliotecología impartidas en la educación superior pública costarricense: el caso de la Universidad de Costa Rica y la Universidad Nacional
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Esta tesis se centra en analizar las experiencias docentes relacionadas con la mediación pedagógica en el eje curricular de tecnología en las carreras de Bibliotecología de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) y la Universidad Nacional (UNA). El estudio se enmarca en un contexto de cambios profundos en la educación superior, motivados por el rápido avance de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), lo cual exige una transformación en los planes de estudio y en los enfoques pedagógicos tradicionales.
Desde una perspectiva crítica y contextualizada, la investigación examina cómo las TIC han sido incorporadas en los programas académicos, no solo como herramientas técnicas, sino como elementos fundamentales que moldean la práctica docente y el desarrollo disciplinar. Se plantea la urgencia de reconfigurar los planes de estudio de Bibliotecología para responder a un ecosistema informacional digitalizado, automatizado y en constante evolución, que demanda competencias técnicas, cognitivas y socioemocionales integradas.
El marco teórico se basa en las Teorías del Aprendizaje Situado y del Uso Intencional, permitiendo entender la docencia como una construcción dinámica influida por contextos socioculturales. También se profundiza en el concepto de mediación pedagógica como eje articulador entre contenido, metodología y tecnología, clave para generar aprendizajes significativos.
Metodológicamente, el estudio adopta un enfoque cualitativo con énfasis explicativo. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a docentes de ambas universidades y se analizaron los planes de estudio actuales. A partir de una codificación inductiva y triangulación de fuentes, se construyeron categorías analíticas como: elementos curriculares, interacciones pedagógicas, dominio disciplinar y competencias docentes.
Los hallazgos revelan una implementación desigual de las TIC en los programas de Bibliotecología. Si bien se observan esfuerzos por modernizar contenidos y mejorar la infraestructura, persisten desafíos como la rigidez curricular, la débil integración entre teoría y práctica, y la falta de preparación docente en metodologías digitales. Una universidad presenta un enfoque más proactivo en la inclusión de tecnologías, mientras que la otra conserva una perspectiva más tradicional.
En la discusión se enfatiza que la mediación pedagógica debe entenderse como un proceso reflexivo y creativo, capaz de transformar la relación entre estudiantes, docentes, contenidos y tecnología. Se propone transitar hacia modelos pedagógicos activos, colaborativos y contextualizados, donde las TIC se utilicen como catalizadores de innovación.
Las conclusiones destacan que las tecnologías digitales no deben verse como un accesorio, sino como un componente esencial en la formación bibliotecológica. Se proponen acciones concretas como: flexibilizar los planes de estudio con asignaturas optativas, capacitar continuamente al profesorado en competencias digitales y pedagógicas, mejorar la infraestructura tecnológica y vincular más estrechamente la academia con el entorno laboral a través de prácticas profesionales significativas.
Entre los aportes principales de la tesis están la reflexión crítica sobre el papel del bibliotecólogo en la sociedad digital y la propuesta de estrategias pedagógicas innovadoras como el aprendizaje basado en proyectos, la interdisciplinariedad y el uso crítico de tecnologías emergentes. También se subraya la necesidad de fomentar una cultura institucional que apoye la formación continua del profesorado, la experimentación pedagógica y la construcción colectiva del conocimiento.
Esta tesis aporta una base sólida para repensar la formación en bibliotecología en el siglo XXI, proponiendo una visión renovada sobre el vínculo entre tecnología, pedagogía y práctica profesional.
This thesis is focused on analyzing the teaching experiences related to pedagogical mediation in the curricular axis of technology in the Librarianship careers of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) and the National University (UNA). The study is framed in a context of profound changes in higher education, motivated by the rapid advance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which requires a transformation in the curricula and in the traditional pedagogical approaches. From a critical and contextualized perspective, the research examines how ICTs have been incorporated into academic programs, not only as technical tools, but as fundamental elements that shape teaching practice and disciplinary development. It raises the urgency of reconfiguring library science curricula to respond to a digitized, automated and constantly evolving informational ecosystem that demands integrated technical, cognitive and socioemotional competencies. The theoretical framework is based on the Theories of Situated Learning and Intentional Use, allowing to understand teaching as a dynamic construction influenced by sociocultural contexts. It also delves into the concept of pedagogical mediation as an articulating axis between content, methodology and technology, key to generate meaningful learning. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative approach with an explanatory emphasis. In-depth interviews were conducted with teachers from both universities and the current curricula were analyzed. Based on an inductive coding and triangulation of sources, analytical categories such as curricular elements, pedagogical interactions, disciplinary domain and teaching competencies were constructed. The findings reveal an uneven implementation of ICTs in library science programs. Although efforts to modernize content and improve infrastructure are observed, challenges such as curricular rigidity, weak integration between theory and practice, and lack of teacher preparation in digital methodologies persist. One university presents a more proactive approach to the inclusion of technologies, while the other retains a more traditional perspective. The discussion emphasized that pedagogical mediation should be understood as a reflective and creative process, capable of transforming the relationship between students, teachers, content and technology. It is proposed to move towards active, collaborative and contextualized pedagogical models, where ICTs are used as catalysts for innovation. The conclusions highlight that digital technologies should not be seen as an accessory, but as an essential component in library education. Concrete actions are proposed such as making curricula more flexible with electives, continuous training of faculty in digital and pedagogical competencies, improving technological infrastructure and linking academia more closely with the work environment through meaningful professional practices. Among the main contributions of the thesis are the critical reflection on the role of the librarian in the digital society and the proposal of innovative pedagogical strategies such as project-based learning, interdisciplinarity and the critical use of emerging technologies. It also stresses the need to foster an institutional culture that supports continuous teacher training, pedagogical experimentation and collective knowledge construction. This thesis provides a solid basis for rethinking library science education in the 21st century, proposing a renewed vision of the link between technology, pedagogy and professional practice.
This thesis is focused on analyzing the teaching experiences related to pedagogical mediation in the curricular axis of technology in the Librarianship careers of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) and the National University (UNA). The study is framed in a context of profound changes in higher education, motivated by the rapid advance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), which requires a transformation in the curricula and in the traditional pedagogical approaches. From a critical and contextualized perspective, the research examines how ICTs have been incorporated into academic programs, not only as technical tools, but as fundamental elements that shape teaching practice and disciplinary development. It raises the urgency of reconfiguring library science curricula to respond to a digitized, automated and constantly evolving informational ecosystem that demands integrated technical, cognitive and socioemotional competencies. The theoretical framework is based on the Theories of Situated Learning and Intentional Use, allowing to understand teaching as a dynamic construction influenced by sociocultural contexts. It also delves into the concept of pedagogical mediation as an articulating axis between content, methodology and technology, key to generate meaningful learning. Methodologically, the study adopts a qualitative approach with an explanatory emphasis. In-depth interviews were conducted with teachers from both universities and the current curricula were analyzed. Based on an inductive coding and triangulation of sources, analytical categories such as curricular elements, pedagogical interactions, disciplinary domain and teaching competencies were constructed. The findings reveal an uneven implementation of ICTs in library science programs. Although efforts to modernize content and improve infrastructure are observed, challenges such as curricular rigidity, weak integration between theory and practice, and lack of teacher preparation in digital methodologies persist. One university presents a more proactive approach to the inclusion of technologies, while the other retains a more traditional perspective. The discussion emphasized that pedagogical mediation should be understood as a reflective and creative process, capable of transforming the relationship between students, teachers, content and technology. It is proposed to move towards active, collaborative and contextualized pedagogical models, where ICTs are used as catalysts for innovation. The conclusions highlight that digital technologies should not be seen as an accessory, but as an essential component in library education. Concrete actions are proposed such as making curricula more flexible with electives, continuous training of faculty in digital and pedagogical competencies, improving technological infrastructure and linking academia more closely with the work environment through meaningful professional practices. Among the main contributions of the thesis are the critical reflection on the role of the librarian in the digital society and the proposal of innovative pedagogical strategies such as project-based learning, interdisciplinarity and the critical use of emerging technologies. It also stresses the need to foster an institutional culture that supports continuous teacher training, pedagogical experimentation and collective knowledge construction. This thesis provides a solid basis for rethinking library science education in the 21st century, proposing a renewed vision of the link between technology, pedagogy and professional practice.
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Experiencias Docentes, Mediación Pedagógica, Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación, Aprendizaje Situado, Currículo, Bibliotecología
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