Efecto de la nutrición mineral sobre la producción de forraje verde hidropónico de maíz
Fecha
2017
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Ramírez Víquez, Carolina Alejandra
Soto Bravo, Freddy
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Resumen
El forraje verde hidropónico (FVH) consiste en la producción especializada de biomasa vegetal a partir del crecimiento inicial de plántulas, la cual representa una alternativa en alimentación animal ante el sistema convencional basado en pastoreo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la nutrición mineral aplicada mediante solución nutritiva, sobre la productividad y la composición de nutrientes minerales, de FVH de maíz. Se aplicaron 2 tratamientos de concentración de nutrientes: Nutrición alta (Na) y Nutrición baja (Nb), y un tratamiento control con agua (Te). El estudio se realizó en el 2015, en un invernadero ubicado en la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM), Alajuela, Costa Rica. La semilla se seleccionó y se preparó mediante desinfección, imbibición y aireación; seguidamente se pregerminó en cámara húmeda (3 días) en bandejas plásticas a una densidad de 3 kg.m-2. Luego las bandejas se trasladaron a un invernadero de producción, donde permaneció durante 11 días hasta la cosecha. La aplicación de solución nutritiva no tuvo efecto significativo (p>0,05) sobre la producción de peso fresco (PF) y de materia seca (MS), la eficiencia de conversión (EC) y la composición mineral del FVH de maíz. Para todos los tratamientos (Na, Nb y Te), los valores promedios de producción de PF (15,28 kg.m-2), de EC (5,08 kg.kg-1), de altura (27,7 cm) y la composición mineral del FVH de maíz, presentaron valores óptimos respecto a lo reportado por otros autores. Los resultados sugieren que bajo condiciones similares a este estudio, no es necesaria la utilización de soluciones nutritivas para la producción de FVH.
Hydroponic green forage (FVH) consists of specialized production of vegetal biomass from initial seedling growth, which represents an alternative to conventional grazing systems for animal feeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineral nutrition applied by a nutrient solution on yield and mineral composition of maize FVH. Two nutrient concentration treatments were applied: High nutrition (Na) and Low nutrition (Nb), and a control treatment with water (Te). The study was conducted in 2015, in a greenhouse located in the Agricultural Experiment Station Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM), Alajuela, Costa Rica. Seed was selected and prepared by disinfection, imbibition and aeration. It was then pre-germinated for 3 days in a wet chamber in plastic trays at a density of 3 kg.m-2. Plastic trays were then moved to a production greenhouse in which they remained for 11 days until harvest. Application of nutrient solution had no significant effect (p>0.05) on fresh weight (PF), dry matter (DM) production, conversion efficiency (EC) and mineral composition of maize FVH. For all treatments (Na, Nb and Te), mean values of PF (15.28 kg.m-2), EC (5.08 kg.kg-1), height (27.7 cm) and mineral composition of maize FVH, presented optimum values compared to what is reported by other authors. The results suggest that under conditions similar to this study, the use of nutrient solutions for FVH production is not necessary.
Hydroponic green forage (FVH) consists of specialized production of vegetal biomass from initial seedling growth, which represents an alternative to conventional grazing systems for animal feeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mineral nutrition applied by a nutrient solution on yield and mineral composition of maize FVH. Two nutrient concentration treatments were applied: High nutrition (Na) and Low nutrition (Nb), and a control treatment with water (Te). The study was conducted in 2015, in a greenhouse located in the Agricultural Experiment Station Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM), Alajuela, Costa Rica. Seed was selected and prepared by disinfection, imbibition and aeration. It was then pre-germinated for 3 days in a wet chamber in plastic trays at a density of 3 kg.m-2. Plastic trays were then moved to a production greenhouse in which they remained for 11 days until harvest. Application of nutrient solution had no significant effect (p>0.05) on fresh weight (PF), dry matter (DM) production, conversion efficiency (EC) and mineral composition of maize FVH. For all treatments (Na, Nb and Te), mean values of PF (15.28 kg.m-2), EC (5.08 kg.kg-1), height (27.7 cm) and mineral composition of maize FVH, presented optimum values compared to what is reported by other authors. The results suggest that under conditions similar to this study, the use of nutrient solutions for FVH production is not necessary.
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Palabras clave
Hidroforraje, Maíz, Nutrición animal, Valor nutritivo, Hydro-forage, Maize, Animal nutrition, Nutritive value