Alteración en el neurodesarrollo en el niño y la niña expuesto a Streptococcus agalactiae o Estreptococo del Grupo B (EGB) en la etapa neonatal: una revisión integrativa (RI)
Loading...
Date
Authors
Garita Cervantes, Estefanie
Mora Rojas, Katia Vanessa
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Abstract
Introducción: Un nuevo informe de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Escuela de Higiene y Medicina Tropical de Londres (LSHTM) revela el alarmante impacto mundial del EGB, una bacteria común que puede transmitirse de madre a hijo en el vientre materno, durante el parto o en las primeras semanas de vida del recién nacido y que provoca unas 150.000 muertes de bebés al año, más de medio millón de partos prematuros y una importante discapacidad a largo plazo. Objetivo: Analizar en base a la evidencia científica la alteración en el neurodesarrollo del niño y la niña, expuestos a EGB en su etapa neonatal. Metodología: utilizada fue la RI de la literatura, con una selección de 13 publicaciones obtenidas de la búsqueda literaria en 14 bases de datos, entre los años 2013 a 2023, los cuales se validaron mediante Programa de Habilidades en Lectura Crítica Español (CASPe) y la metodología SIGN. Resultados: se encontraron 13 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, posterior a la aplicación de los instrumentos CASPe y SIGN solo 7 fueron clasificados según su calidad metodológica de los estudios y grado de recomendación, como adecuados y recomendables. Las edades donde se identificaron secuelas neurológicas a largo plazo comprenden desde los 3 a los 18 años. Los diagnósticos de mayor prevalencia asociados a la infección son sepsis y meningitis. Dentro de secuelas en el neurodesarrollo más frecuentes destacan: parálisis cerebral, retraso en el desarrollo, déficit cognitivo, Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), problemas conductuales y emocionales. Las principales recomendaciones para reducir el impacto de la infección en el neurodesarrollo se basan en: tamizaje y antibioticoterapia intraparto; monitoreo y evaluación del recién nacido, tratamiento antibiótico oportuno al neonato expuesto, evaluación del desarrollo del niño en etapas tempranas, terapias enfocadas en neurodesarrollo y seguimiento. Así mismo destaca la importancia de la investigación científica en este tema. Cabe resaltar que no se encontraron resultados de estudios científicos donde se evidenciara el papel de enfermería. Conclusiones: La evidencia de calidad y recomendable hallada, así como la prevalencia del EGB en etapa neonatal, muestran la necesidad de continuar investigando para disminuir la afectación en el neurodesarrollo. Enfermería juega un rol primordial en la identificación, seguimiento, evaluación y acompañamiento de los niños afectados en aras de su neurodesarrollo y calidad de vida.
Introduction: A new report from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) reveals the alarming global impact of GBS, a common bacteria that can be transmitted from mother to child in the womb, during childbirth or in the first weeks of a newborn's life and which causes about 150,000 infant deaths a year, more than half a million premature births and significant long-term disability. Objective: To analyze, based on scientific evidence, the alteration in the neurodevelopment of children exposed to GBS in their neonatal stage. Methodology: The IR of the literature was used, with a selection of 13 publications obtained from the literary search in 14 databases, between the years 2013 to 2023, which were validated by the Spanish Critical Reading Skills Program (CASPe) and the SIGN methodology. Results: 13 articles were found that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After applying the CASPe and SIGN instruments, only 7 were classified according to their methodological quality of the studies and degree of recommendation, as adequate and recommendable. The ages where long-term neurological sequelae were identified range from 3 to 18 years. The most prevalent diagnoses associated with the infection are sepsis and meningitis. Among the most frequent neurodevelopmental sequelae are cerebral palsy, developmental delay, cognitive deficit, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), behavioral and emotional problems. The main recommendations to reduce the impact of the infection on neurodevelopment are based on intrapartum screening and antibiotic therapy; monitoring and evaluation of the newborn, timely antibiotic treatment for the exposed newborn, evaluation of the child's development in early stages, therapies focused on neurodevelopment and follow-up. Likewise, the importance of scientific research on this topic is highlighted. It should be noted that no results of scientific studies were found that demonstrated the role of nursing. Conclusions: The quality and recommendable evidence found, as well as the prevalence of EGB in the neonatal stage, show the need to continue researching to reduce the impact on neurodevelopment. Nursing plays a key role in the identification, monitoring, evaluation and accompaniment of affected children for the sake of their neurodevelopment and quality of life.
Introduction: A new report from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) reveals the alarming global impact of GBS, a common bacteria that can be transmitted from mother to child in the womb, during childbirth or in the first weeks of a newborn's life and which causes about 150,000 infant deaths a year, more than half a million premature births and significant long-term disability. Objective: To analyze, based on scientific evidence, the alteration in the neurodevelopment of children exposed to GBS in their neonatal stage. Methodology: The IR of the literature was used, with a selection of 13 publications obtained from the literary search in 14 databases, between the years 2013 to 2023, which were validated by the Spanish Critical Reading Skills Program (CASPe) and the SIGN methodology. Results: 13 articles were found that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After applying the CASPe and SIGN instruments, only 7 were classified according to their methodological quality of the studies and degree of recommendation, as adequate and recommendable. The ages where long-term neurological sequelae were identified range from 3 to 18 years. The most prevalent diagnoses associated with the infection are sepsis and meningitis. Among the most frequent neurodevelopmental sequelae are cerebral palsy, developmental delay, cognitive deficit, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), behavioral and emotional problems. The main recommendations to reduce the impact of the infection on neurodevelopment are based on intrapartum screening and antibiotic therapy; monitoring and evaluation of the newborn, timely antibiotic treatment for the exposed newborn, evaluation of the child's development in early stages, therapies focused on neurodevelopment and follow-up. Likewise, the importance of scientific research on this topic is highlighted. It should be noted that no results of scientific studies were found that demonstrated the role of nursing. Conclusions: The quality and recommendable evidence found, as well as the prevalence of EGB in the neonatal stage, show the need to continue researching to reduce the impact on neurodevelopment. Nursing plays a key role in the identification, monitoring, evaluation and accompaniment of affected children for the sake of their neurodevelopment and quality of life.
Description
Keywords
Alteración en el neurodesarrollo, desarrollo, recién nacido, estreptococo, enfermería, enfermería neonatal, neonato, Neurodevelopmental disorders
Citation
Collections
Endorsement
Review
Supplemented By
Referenced By
Creative Commons license
Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International