Uso del Cell Saver en cirugía oncológica mayor: propuesta de lineamientos institucionales para su uso
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Abstract
El presente trabajo aborda el uso del recuperador celular intraoperatorio (Cell Saver) en cirugía oncológica mayor, con el propósito de establecer lineamientos institucionales para su implementación en hospitales de alta complejidad de la Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social. La motivación surge de la ausencia de protocolos nacionales y de la necesidad de optimizar la gestión de sangre del paciente, reducir la exposición a transfusiones alogénicas y garantizar la seguridad oncológica mediante técnicas avanzadas de lavado y filtrado. El objetivo principal es estandarizar el uso del Cell Saver para mejorar la seguridad transfusional, la sostenibilidad económica y la recolección de datos clínicos y económicos para la toma de decisiones futuras.
Metodología: consiste en una revisión exhaustiva de literatura científica reciente (2015– 2025), priorizando metaanálisis, ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y guías clínicas internacionales, así como el análisis de protocolos implementados en centros de referencia mundial. Con base en esta evidencia, se desarrolló un protocolo adaptado a la realidad nacional, que incluye criterios de selección y exclusión de pacientes, preparación y activación del sistema, procesamiento de la sangre recuperada, reinfusión, monitoreo y registro institucional.
Resultados y conclusiones: análisis bibliográfico y de experiencias internacionales evidencian que el uso del Cell Saver en cirugía oncológica mayor, con filtración por leucorreducción y lavado triple, puede disminuir la necesidad de transfusiones alogénicas sin aumentar el riesgo de diseminación tumoral, siempre que se cumplan los estándares técnicos y de seguridad. Se propone un protocolo institucional que integra criterios clínicos, técnicos y logísticos, incluyendo capacitación formal del personal, control de inventarios y registro prospectivo de resultados, con el fin de unificar la práctica, optimizar recursos y generar evidencia nacional que sustente futuras políticas de la CCSS.
This paper addresses the use of the intraoperative cell saver (Cell Saver) in major oncologic surgery, with the purpose of establishing institutional guidelines for its implementation in high-complexity hospitals of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. The motivation arises from the absence of national protocols and the need to optimize patient blood management, reduce exposure to allogeneic transfusions, and ensure oncologic safety through advanced washing and filtration techniques. The main objective is to standardize the use of the Cell Saver to improve transfusion safety, economic sustainability, and the collection of clinical and economic data for future decision-making. Methodology: It consists of a comprehensive review of recent scientific literature (2015– 2025), prioritizing meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and international clinical guidelines, as well as the analysis of protocols implemented in world-class reference centers. Based on this evidence, a protocol adapted to the national context was developed, which includes criteria for patient selection and exclusion, system preparation and activation, processing of recovered blood, reinfusion, monitoring, and institutional registration. Results and conclusions: A review of the literature and international experiences shows that the use of Cell Saver in major oncologic surgery, with leukoreduction filtration and triple lavage, can reduce the need for allogeneic transfusions without increasing the risk of tumor dissemination, provided technical and safety standards are met. An institutional protocol is proposed that integrates clinical, technical, and logistical criteria, including formal staff training, inventory control, and prospective results registration, with the goal of unifying practice, optimizing resources, and generating national evidence to support future CCSS policies.
This paper addresses the use of the intraoperative cell saver (Cell Saver) in major oncologic surgery, with the purpose of establishing institutional guidelines for its implementation in high-complexity hospitals of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund. The motivation arises from the absence of national protocols and the need to optimize patient blood management, reduce exposure to allogeneic transfusions, and ensure oncologic safety through advanced washing and filtration techniques. The main objective is to standardize the use of the Cell Saver to improve transfusion safety, economic sustainability, and the collection of clinical and economic data for future decision-making. Methodology: It consists of a comprehensive review of recent scientific literature (2015– 2025), prioritizing meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials, and international clinical guidelines, as well as the analysis of protocols implemented in world-class reference centers. Based on this evidence, a protocol adapted to the national context was developed, which includes criteria for patient selection and exclusion, system preparation and activation, processing of recovered blood, reinfusion, monitoring, and institutional registration. Results and conclusions: A review of the literature and international experiences shows that the use of Cell Saver in major oncologic surgery, with leukoreduction filtration and triple lavage, can reduce the need for allogeneic transfusions without increasing the risk of tumor dissemination, provided technical and safety standards are met. An institutional protocol is proposed that integrates clinical, technical, and logistical criteria, including formal staff training, inventory control, and prospective results registration, with the goal of unifying practice, optimizing resources, and generating national evidence to support future CCSS policies.
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cirugía oncológica mayor, Cell Saver, autotransfusión intraoperatoria, filtración por leucorreducción, manejo de sangre del paciente, major oncologic surgery, intraoperative autotransfusion, leukoreduction filtration, patient blood management