Intervenciones que facilitan la adherencia a pruebas de detención temprana de cáncer de cuello uterino: revisión sistemática cualitativa
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Rivera Chavarría, Ana Leonor
Calderón Céspedes, Alejandro
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Abstract
El cáncer de cuello uterino es el cuarto cáncer diagnosticado con mayor frecuencia y la cuarta causa principal de muerte por cáncer en mujeres, con un estimado de 604.000 nuevos casos y 342.000 muertes en todo el mundo en 2020. En Costa Rica, este cáncer sigue siendo una de las neoplasias más frecuentes en la población femenina: el quinto lugar en incidencia y el sexto lugar en mortalidad por cáncer. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar artículos recientes de intervenciones que mejoren la adhesión a pruebas de detección temprana de cáncer cervicouterino. Para lograr esta revisión, se empleó el método PRISMA 2020. Las bases de datos seleccionadas para la búsqueda fueron PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO y Scopus. Al realizar la indagación en un total de 40 registros, se seleccionaron 16 artículos para la discusión. En la discusión se analiza que las intervenciones encontradas fueron de tipo educativo: consejo, educación individual, educación grupal y promoción de salud. Al finalizar la revisión, se concluye que las intervenciones educativas tienen un impacto en la adherencia a las pruebas para la detección temprana de cáncer de cérvix, aunque no está claro cuál es el formato más efectivo. Además, los proveedores de servicios de salud podrían elegir métodos educativos basados en las situaciones particulares de las personas y comunidades.
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women, with an estimated 604.000 new cases and 342.000 deaths worldwide in 2020. In Costa Rica, this cancer remains one of the most common neoplasms in the female population: the fifth place in incidence and the sixth place in cancer mortality. The objective of this work was to identify recent articles on interventions that improve adherence to early detection tests for cervical cancer. Methodology: conducted according to the Prisma 2020 standards. Two languages were designated as search terms. The selected databases for the search included PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, and Scopus. The following search terms were defined: MeSH Thesauri: cervix neoplasms prevention, health education, interventions, PAP smears, HPV, early detection, and screening. As descriptors in health sciences (DECS) the following were used: Educación en Salud, Prueba de Papanicolaou, Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino, tamizaje, detección temprana y VPH. When conducting the investigation, 40 records and 16 articles were selected for discussion. The interventions found are educational type: advice, individual education, group or collective education, and health promotion. Discussion: educational interventions impact adherence to tests for the early detection of cervical cancer, although the most effective format is unclear. Health service providers can select educational methods tailored to the specific situations of individuals and communities.
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women, with an estimated 604.000 new cases and 342.000 deaths worldwide in 2020. In Costa Rica, this cancer remains one of the most common neoplasms in the female population: the fifth place in incidence and the sixth place in cancer mortality. The objective of this work was to identify recent articles on interventions that improve adherence to early detection tests for cervical cancer. Methodology: conducted according to the Prisma 2020 standards. Two languages were designated as search terms. The selected databases for the search included PubMed, Cochrane, SciELO, and Scopus. The following search terms were defined: MeSH Thesauri: cervix neoplasms prevention, health education, interventions, PAP smears, HPV, early detection, and screening. As descriptors in health sciences (DECS) the following were used: Educación en Salud, Prueba de Papanicolaou, Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino, tamizaje, detección temprana y VPH. When conducting the investigation, 40 records and 16 articles were selected for discussion. The interventions found are educational type: advice, individual education, group or collective education, and health promotion. Discussion: educational interventions impact adherence to tests for the early detection of cervical cancer, although the most effective format is unclear. Health service providers can select educational methods tailored to the specific situations of individuals and communities.
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Keywords
Neoplasias del cuello uterino, educación en salud, detección temprana., Cervix neoplasms, health education, early detection. Source: DeCS/BIREM