La descentralización de la diplomacia en la implementación y seguimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en las municipalidades de Cartago, Turrialba y Oreamuno, periodo 2021-2022.
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La presente investigación analiza la implementación y el seguimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) desde la perspectiva de la diplomacia multinivel y descentralizada, con énfasis en el papel de los gobiernos locales como actores estratégicos. Mediante un enfoque comparativo aplicado a tres municipalidades, se integran el análisis documental, la revisión de planes cantonales y entrevistas con actores institucionales y locales, identificando limitaciones en recursos financieros y humanos, capacidad técnica instalada, articulación interinstitucional y mecanismos de participación ciudadana. No obstante, los hallazgos también evidencian un potencial significativo de los municipios para proyectarse internacionalmente mediante la diplomacia descentralizada y acceder a nuevas formas de cooperación.
Las recomendaciones se dirigen tanto a las instituciones nacionales e internacionales vinculadas con la implementación y seguimiento de los objetivos, como las municipalidades, además de incluir acciones conjuntas y orientaciones para la cooperación internacional. Entre estas destacan la creación de mecanismos permanentes de coordinación interinstitucional, el fortalecimiento de la asistencia técnica continua, el diseño de sistemas de información y seguimiento municipal, la institucionalización de espacios de participación ciudadana y la incorporación de estrategias de diplomacia descentralizada en los planes cantonales.
En síntesis, el estudio aporta un marco estratégico para consolidar la autonomía municipal y su papel en la gobernanza multinivel, subrayando en cómo la apropiación local de los ODS constituye una vía legítima y necesaria para avanzar en la Agenda 2030 y en la consolidación de una diplomacia descentralizada.
This research analyzes the implementation and monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the perspective of multilevel and decentralized diplomacy, with an emphasis on the role of local governments as strategic actors. Using a comparative approach applied to three municipalities, the study combines documentary analysis, a review of cantonal development plans, and interviews with institutional and local stakeholders, identifying limitations related to financial and human resources, technical capacity, interinstitutional coordination, and mechanisms for citizen participation. Nevertheless, the findings reveal a significant potential for local governments to project themselves internationally through decentralized diplomacy and to access new forms of cooperation. The recommendations are addressed to national and international institutions involved in the implementation and monitoring of the SDGs, as well as to municipalities, and include joint actions and guidelines for international cooperation. These emphasize the creation of permanent mechanisms for interinstitutional coordination, the strengthening of continuous technical assistance, the design of municipal information and monitoring systems, the institutionalization of spaces for citizen participation, and the incorporation of decentralized diplomacy strategies into cantonal development plans. In summary, the study provides a strategic framework to consolidate municipal autonomy and its role in multilevel governance, underscoring that local ownership of the SDGs constitutes a legitimate and necessary pathway to advance the 2030 Agenda and the consolidation of decentralized diplomacy.
This research analyzes the implementation and monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from the perspective of multilevel and decentralized diplomacy, with an emphasis on the role of local governments as strategic actors. Using a comparative approach applied to three municipalities, the study combines documentary analysis, a review of cantonal development plans, and interviews with institutional and local stakeholders, identifying limitations related to financial and human resources, technical capacity, interinstitutional coordination, and mechanisms for citizen participation. Nevertheless, the findings reveal a significant potential for local governments to project themselves internationally through decentralized diplomacy and to access new forms of cooperation. The recommendations are addressed to national and international institutions involved in the implementation and monitoring of the SDGs, as well as to municipalities, and include joint actions and guidelines for international cooperation. These emphasize the creation of permanent mechanisms for interinstitutional coordination, the strengthening of continuous technical assistance, the design of municipal information and monitoring systems, the institutionalization of spaces for citizen participation, and the incorporation of decentralized diplomacy strategies into cantonal development plans. In summary, the study provides a strategic framework to consolidate municipal autonomy and its role in multilevel governance, underscoring that local ownership of the SDGs constitutes a legitimate and necessary pathway to advance the 2030 Agenda and the consolidation of decentralized diplomacy.
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Gobierno local, Administración municipal, Diplomacia, Desarrollo Sostenible, Cooperación Internacional, Política de desarrollo Gobernanza