Bloqueos Regionales para Analgesia en Cirugía de Tórax
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Vargas Villalobos, Alejandro
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Abstract
La cirugía torácica se asocia a un alto porcentaje de dolor posoperatorio. A pesar de que
se han descrito nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas menos invasivas, el dolor es frecuente si no
se brinda un adecuado manejo analgésico.
La analgesia sistémica ha sido utilizada por años como un pilar fundamental para el
manejo del dolor posoperatorio. Sin embargo, en muchos pacientes no se logra un
adecuado control del dolor solo con este método incluso si se utilizan medicamentos con
diferentes mecanismos de acción y con dosis elevadas, lo que, además, aumenta el
riesgo de efectos adversos.
En años recientes los bloqueos regionales han ganado popularidad, impulsados por el
ultrasonido, que mejora la seguridad y aumenta la tasa de éxito de los bloqueos
regionales.
Existe evidencia fuerte que demuestra y recomienda los bloqueos regionales como parte
esencial de la analgesia multimodal para evitar complicaciones relacionadas con el
manejo inadecuado del dolor posoperatorio.
Thoracic surgery is associated with a high incidence of postoperative pain. Although less invasive surgical techniques have been described, this condition is common if adequate pain management is not provided. Systemic analgesia has been used for many years as a cornerstone in postoperative pain management. However, in many patients, adequate pain control is not achieved even if drugs with different mechanisms of action are used, which also increases the risk of adverse effects. The use of the ultrasound increases de success rate of the regional blocks and improves safety, which has increased the popularity of regional analgesia. The strong evidence demonstrates and recommends regional blocks as an essential part of multimodal analgesia to avoid complications related to inadequate postoperative pain management
Thoracic surgery is associated with a high incidence of postoperative pain. Although less invasive surgical techniques have been described, this condition is common if adequate pain management is not provided. Systemic analgesia has been used for many years as a cornerstone in postoperative pain management. However, in many patients, adequate pain control is not achieved even if drugs with different mechanisms of action are used, which also increases the risk of adverse effects. The use of the ultrasound increases de success rate of the regional blocks and improves safety, which has increased the popularity of regional analgesia. The strong evidence demonstrates and recommends regional blocks as an essential part of multimodal analgesia to avoid complications related to inadequate postoperative pain management
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CIRUGÍA, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS, Bloqueos regionales
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