Television, food, and beverage marketing to children in Costa Rica: current state and policy implications
dc.creator | Zamora Corrales, Irina | |
dc.creator | Jensen Madrigal, Melissa Lorena | |
dc.creator | Vandevijvere, Stephanie | |
dc.creator | Ramírez Zea, Manuel | |
dc.creator | Kroker Lobos, María Fernanda | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2024-07-23T16:32:05Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-07-23T16:32:05Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019 | |
dc.description.abstract | Objective: To examine the frequency of television (TV) food and beverage advertisements (F&B ads) to which children (4–11 years) are likely exposed and the nutrient profile of products advertised. Design: TV broadcasting between September and November 2016 was recorded (288 h of children’s programming; 288 h of family programming) resulting in 8980 advertisements, of which 1862 were F&B ads. Of those, 1473 could be classified into one of the seventeen food groups, and into permitted/non-permitted according to the WHO-EU nutrient profile model. Persuasive marketing techniques used were also identified. Setting: TV programming was recorded for four weekdays and four weekend days, between 06.00 and 00.00 hours (576 total hours), for four channels (two national and two cable), in Costa Rica. Results: Mean (SD) number of F&B ads/h was greater in cable than national channels (3·7 (0·4) v. 2·8 (0·4), P < 0·05) and during children’s peak viewing hours (4·4 (0·4) v. 2·9 (0·3)). Of F&B ads classified with WHO-EU nutrient profile model (n 1473, 71·1 %), 91·1 % were non-permitted to be marketed to children. Categories most frequently advertised were ready-made/convenience foods (16 %), chocolates/confectionery/desserts (15 %), breakfast cereals (14 %), beverages (15 %), edible ices (9 %) and salty snacks (8 %). Non-permitted F&B ads were more likely to use promotional characters, brand benefit claims, and nutrition and health claims than permitted F&B ads. Conclusions: Children watching popular TV channels in Costa Rica are exposed to a high number of unhealthy F&B ads daily. Our findings help justify the need for regulatory actions by national authorities. | |
dc.description.procedence | UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Nutrición | |
dc.description.procedence | UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Salud Pública | |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019000776 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1368-9800 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1475-2727 | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10669/91861 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | es_ES |
dc.rights | acceso restringido | |
dc.source | Public Health Nutrition, 22(13), 2509-2520 | |
dc.subject | FOOD | |
dc.subject | MARKETING | |
dc.subject | CHILDREN | |
dc.subject | FOOD ENVIRONMENT | |
dc.subject | ADVERTISING | |
dc.title | Television, food, and beverage marketing to children in Costa Rica: current state and policy implications | |
dc.type | artículo original | es_ES |