Familias con enfermedad crónica: un análisis de los patrones interaccionales desde la perspectiva sistémica
Fecha
2022
Tipo
tesis de maestría
Autores
Vargas Chaves, Kendy
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Editor
Resumen
Referenciar la temática de familia es hablar de historia, cultura, economía, política, y así sucesivamente. Su importancia ha sido establecida por años, y por eso la necesidad de un estudio actualizado que contemple la complejidad que esta unidad conlleva.
Ahora, referirse a familias con enfermedades crónicas involucra no solo las relaciones a lo interno de la familia, sino también el aspecto de salud que converge con todo lo anteriormente mencionado. Para lograr este estudio con un enfoque cualitativo y responder a la pregunta de investigación: ¿Cómo son los patrones interaccionales en las familias con enfermedad crónica a partir de su estructura? Se tomó como paradigma el naturalista, con un método fenomenológico.
Las familias participantes fueron tres, las mujeres con el diagnóstico crónico denominado “artritis reumatoide” tienen más de 10 años de haber sido diagnosticadas, cada subsistema individual, conyugal, filial interacciona con su entorno inmediato, conformado por otros sistemas como el académico, laboral, entre otros; requirió de un análisis ecológico, además del fundamento familiar sistémico utilizado en la investigación que permitió el reconocimiento de los patrones interaccionales de dichas familias.
Entre los principales hallazgos encontrados se destaca que las familias que viven con una persona con diagnóstico crónico presentan atributos propios que es necesario tomar en cuenta para el trabajo con sus integrantes. Entre dichas propiedades está el dolor, con el cual cada miembro interacciona, emerge cierta organización a partir de la demanda que el estado de salud plantea.
Por tal motivo, el dolor no se fragmenta únicamente a un síntoma de la enfermedad, sino a una propiedad de la familia que se relaciona con este y genera respuestas para su atención, lo cual conlleva que las reglas familiares y, por ende, los subsistemas sean formados a partir de ellos. Por tanto, se recomienda que las familias con enfermedades crónicas sean parte de la investigación continua, y acompañadas en los procesos únicos que enfrentan; a su vez, se sugiere reconocer que el incremento de este tipo de núcleos va en aumento por el envejecimiento de la población, así como el auge en este tipo de diagnóstico.
To talk about the subject of family is to talk about history, culture, economy, politics, and so on. Its importance has been established for years, and therefore the need for an updated study that contemplates the complexity that this unit entails. Now, referring to families with chronic diseases involves not only the relationships within the family, but also the health aspect that converges with all factors mentioned above. To achieve this study with a qualitative approach and to answer the research question: How are the interaction patterns in families with chronic disease from its structure? it was used the naturalistic paradigm, with a phenomenological method. The participating families were three, the women with the chronic diagnosis called "rheumatoid arthritis" have more than 10 years of being diagnosed, each individual, conjugal, filial subsystem interacts with its immediate environment, made up of other systems such as academic, labor, among others; it required an ecological analysis, in addition to the systemic family theory used in the research that allowed the recognition of the interactional patterns of these families. Among the main findings, it is highlighted that families living with a person with a chronic diagnosis present their own attributes that must be taken into account when working with their members. Among these properties is pain, which interacts with each member, a certain organization emerges from the demand that the condition of health poses. For this reason, pain is not only fragmented into a symptom of the disease, but a property of the family that is related to it and generates responses for its care, which means that family rules and, therefore, subsystems are formed from them. Therefore, it is recommended that families with chronic diseases be part of the continuous research, and accompanied in the unique processes they face; at the same time, it is suggested to recognize that the increase of this type of nuclei is increasing due to the aging of the population, as well as the boom in this type of diagnosis.
To talk about the subject of family is to talk about history, culture, economy, politics, and so on. Its importance has been established for years, and therefore the need for an updated study that contemplates the complexity that this unit entails. Now, referring to families with chronic diseases involves not only the relationships within the family, but also the health aspect that converges with all factors mentioned above. To achieve this study with a qualitative approach and to answer the research question: How are the interaction patterns in families with chronic disease from its structure? it was used the naturalistic paradigm, with a phenomenological method. The participating families were three, the women with the chronic diagnosis called "rheumatoid arthritis" have more than 10 years of being diagnosed, each individual, conjugal, filial subsystem interacts with its immediate environment, made up of other systems such as academic, labor, among others; it required an ecological analysis, in addition to the systemic family theory used in the research that allowed the recognition of the interactional patterns of these families. Among the main findings, it is highlighted that families living with a person with a chronic diagnosis present their own attributes that must be taken into account when working with their members. Among these properties is pain, which interacts with each member, a certain organization emerges from the demand that the condition of health poses. For this reason, pain is not only fragmented into a symptom of the disease, but a property of the family that is related to it and generates responses for its care, which means that family rules and, therefore, subsystems are formed from them. Therefore, it is recommended that families with chronic diseases be part of the continuous research, and accompanied in the unique processes they face; at the same time, it is suggested to recognize that the increase of this type of nuclei is increasing due to the aging of the population, as well as the boom in this type of diagnosis.
Descripción
Palabras clave
familia, artritis reumatoide, sistema, límites, reglas, subsistemas, PSICOLOGÍA, ORIENTACIÓN PEDAGÓGICA