Determinantes de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud oral en adultos mayores de un centro diurno costarricense: Resultados de un estudio piloto
Fecha
2021
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Barboza Solís, Cristina
Araya Jiménez, María José
Stradi Granados, Sonia
Barahona Cubillo, Juan
García Aguirre, Kattyusffka
Carranza Chacón, Carolina
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Resumen
El cambio de la distribución demográfica en Costa Rica establece a las personas adultas mayores (PAM) como una prioridad de salud pública. La salud oral es un indicador multidimensional, que incluye dimensiones biológicas, sociales y psicológicas. En este campo de investigación, además de utilizar las medidas de morbi-mortalidad, se ha dado una importancia a distintos indicadores que pretenden aproximar otras dimensiones subjetivas. Dentro de estas, la calidad de vida toma cada vez más importancia. Este estudio pretende identificar los principales determinantes de la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en PAM de un centro diurno del cantón de Desamparados en San José, Costa Rica. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal de tipo observacional realizado entre 2018 y 2019. La CVRSO, se midió a través del instrumento GOHAI (General/Geriatric Oral Health Assesment Index). Como variables independientes se incluyeron las sociodemográficas, socioeconómicas, de morbilidad, comportamientos de salud y consumo de medicamentos. Se realizaron análisis bivariados con las pruebas no paramétricas de Wilcoxon, Kruskall-Wallis y Spearman, utilizando el paquete estadístico STATA 14. Este estudio revela que existen diferencias de promedio al comparar la CVRSO y los determinantes demográficos, socioeconómicos, de morbilidad, toma de medicamentos y comportamientos de salud. Los mayores de 80 años, las mujeres, aquellos con niveles superiores de escolaridad, de ingresos altos, sin edentulismo, con niveles bajos de xerostomía, sin enfermedades, que no toman medicamentos, que no fuman, hacen deporte, que no meriendan y que consumen moderadamente azúcares, son aquellos que reportan una mejor CVRSO comparados a sus contrapartes.
The change in the demographic distribution of Costa Rica establishes the elderly as a public health priority. Oral health is a multidimensional indicator, which includes biological, social, and psychological dimensions. Besides using measures of morbidity and mortality, different indicators seek to approximate other subjective dimensions. There is an increasing interest in analyzing the role of quality of life on health. This study aims to identify the main determinants of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) in the elderly attending a day center in the city of Desamparados (San José, Costa Rica). This is a descriptive cross-sectional study ran between 2018 and 2019. OHRQL was measured via the General / Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). As independent variables, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, health behaviors, and drug consumption were included. Bivariate analyzes were performed using the Wilcoxon, Kruskall-Wallis, and Spearman non-parametric tests, using STATA 14. This study revealed differences in GOHAI scores according to demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, medication, and health behaviors. Those over 80 years old, women, with higher levels of education, high income, without edentulism, with low levels of xerostomia, people without diseases, who do not take medication, who do not smoke, play sports, do not snack and who consume moderately sugars, are those that report a better OHRQL compared to their counterparts.
The change in the demographic distribution of Costa Rica establishes the elderly as a public health priority. Oral health is a multidimensional indicator, which includes biological, social, and psychological dimensions. Besides using measures of morbidity and mortality, different indicators seek to approximate other subjective dimensions. There is an increasing interest in analyzing the role of quality of life on health. This study aims to identify the main determinants of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQL) in the elderly attending a day center in the city of Desamparados (San José, Costa Rica). This is a descriptive cross-sectional study ran between 2018 and 2019. OHRQL was measured via the General / Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). As independent variables, sociodemographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, health behaviors, and drug consumption were included. Bivariate analyzes were performed using the Wilcoxon, Kruskall-Wallis, and Spearman non-parametric tests, using STATA 14. This study revealed differences in GOHAI scores according to demographic, socioeconomic, morbidity, medication, and health behaviors. Those over 80 years old, women, with higher levels of education, high income, without edentulism, with low levels of xerostomia, people without diseases, who do not take medication, who do not smoke, play sports, do not snack and who consume moderately sugars, are those that report a better OHRQL compared to their counterparts.
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Palabras clave
Calidad de vida, salud oral, Persona adulta mayor