Biodegradation of sulfamethazine by Trametes versicolor: Removal from sewage sludge and identification of intermediate products by UPLC–QqTOF-MS
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García Galán, María Jesús
Rodríguez Rodríguez, Carlos E.
Vicent, Teresa
Caminal, Glòria
Díaz Cruz, M. Silvia
Barceló Cullerès, Damià
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Abstract
Degradation of the sulfonamide sulfamethazine (SMZ) by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor was assessed.
Elimination was achieved to nearly undetectable levels after 20 h in liquid medium when SMZ was added at
9 mg L−1
. Experiments with purified laccase and laccase-mediators resulted in almost complete removal. On
the other hand, inhibition of SMZ degradation was observed when piperonilbutoxide, a cytochrome
P450-inhibitor, was added to the fungal cultures. UPLC–QqTOF-MS analysis allowed the identification and
confirmation of 4 different SMZ degradation intermediates produced by fungal cultures or purified laccase:
desulfo-SMZ, N4
-formyl-SMZ, N4
-hydroxy-SMZ and desamino-SMZ; nonetheless SMZ mineralization was not
demonstrated with the isotopically labeled sulfamethazine-phenyl-13C6 after 7 days. Inoculation of T. versicolor
to sterilized sewage sludge in solid-phase systems showed complete elimination of SMZ and also of other sulfon amides (sulfapyridine, sulfathiazole) at real environmental concentrations, making this fungus an interesting
candidate for further remediation research.
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Keywords
Sulfamethazine, Trametes versicolor, Sewage sludge, Degradation metabolites, UPLC–QqTOF-MS analysis
Citation
https://www-sciencedirect-com.ezproxy.sibdi.ucr.ac.cr/science/article/pii/S0048969711008862