Actualidades en Psicología 27 (114)
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Ítem Reviewers(2013-05-02 00:00:00) Smith Castro, VanessaÍtem Executive skills in children and adolescents:A practical guide to assessment and intervention(2013-05-02 00:00:00) Hernández Campos, MónicaÍtem Referentes conceptuales y metodológicos sobre la noción moderna de validez de instrumentos de medición: implicaciones para el caso de personas con necesidades educativas especiales(2013-05-15 18:16:24) Montero Rojas, EilianaA general look is taken around the modern concept of validity, with a special focus in psychological and educational tests, with the purpose of presenting an updated discussion and providing conceptual and methodological tools to test developers and users. Regarding validity, the important contributions of Samuel Messick are highlighted, including the notion that establishes that this is a unitary concept, referred to the degree of appropriateness of the interpretations and inferences that are drawn from test scores. The measurement models better known and used currently are mentioned, the Classical Test Theory (CTT), and Item Response Theory (IRT), including the Rasch Model. The topics of DIF (Differential Item Functioning) and equating are also introduced. Finally, some implications of this frame of reference are analyzed in terms of the accommodations that are necessary to implement for persons with special educational needs.Ítem Conceptual relations: construct definition, neuroanatomical basis and ways of assessment(2013-04-12 17:04:00) Vivas, Leticia; García Coni, AnaThe links that connect concepts are called conceptual relations. Two of them have particular relevance in the organization of conceptual knowledge: taxonomic and thematic relations. Early research in the 80`s focused on analyzing the existence of a primacy of one kind of conceptual relation over the other in children and adults. Recent studies explore the neuroanatomical bases of these conceptual relations. The present work constitutes a revision of the most relevant studies about taxonomic and thematic conceptual relations, including developmental studies, research on neuroanatomical bases and available ways of assessment. The revised articles state that thematic and taxonomic conceptual relations involve dissociable cognitive processes that can be acquired and damaged independently and have independent neuroanatomical basis. Futures lines of research are also suggested.Ítem Marital Relationship and Tactics of Conflict Resolution between Couples(2013-05-15 18:12:41) Bolze, Simone Dill Azeredo; Schmidt, Beatriz; Crepaldi, Maria Aparecida; Vieira, Mauro LuísThis research aims to characterize the marital relationship and tactics of conflict resolution between couples. The participants were 104 couples from a state located in the south of Brazil, totaling 208 respondents. The average age of the women was 33.27 years old and men 36.45. The time of conjugal union ranged from one year to 27 years and the average was 10.74. The measurements used were: a questionnaire to characterize the marital relationship and the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). The results obtained by means of statistical analyzes suggest that most couples consider to experience a harmonic conjugal relationship with preponderance of negotiation strategies in emergency cases of marital conflict. However, attitudes involving psychological aggression also appeared as forms of conflict resolution. The results contribute to elucidate the inter-relational dynamics of healthy marriages.Ítem Socio-cultural and developmental aspects within parenting in post-divorce interparental conflict: guidelines for understanding children´s experience and non-resident parents(2013-05-15 17:45:56) Rosabal Coto, MarianoIn this paper, the perspective and experience that children within post-divorce interparental conflict have, is discussed from a developmental psychology culturally sensitive approach. Cues for understanding developmental paths, consequences on children development are discussed. It begins with a review of the main theoretical constructs that frame local parenting and contextualizes on post-divorce families. It deepens the research on the topic of relationships with parental figures, particularly with non-residents and is linked to both individual development perspective, and the parent’s relationships. The conclusions point to a relational approach experience and the subjectivity, as well further research directions on research and eventual clinical intervention with children in these contexts.Ítem Neuroscience, Psychoanalysis(2013-02-20 14:03:20) Kelman, Mario SergioThe aim of this paper is to reflect the differential clinical approach of psychoanalysis and neuroscience. The chosen method is the case-analysis and argumentation, that cames from the field of Law. Casuistry illustrates the obtained results. In conclusion, the concept of symptom is central to each clinical concept and it implies a differential that sets the field, structure and functions. The spread of science is a real difference, that does not figure, but it is capable of measuring. The spread of psychoanalysis is a symbolic difference, with its interpretation. This is not in opposition to the neurosciences or drugs, but to ask about its ethical status, derived from the primacy of the clinical position in the art of healing. The meeting point between neuroscience and psychoanalysis in the context of our time is characterized by the technological progress and the discourse of capitalism.Ítem Factors of background, input and process associated with Mathematics performance: A Multilevel analyses(2013-02-06 12:32:03) Moreira Mora, Tania ElenaAbstract. The aim of this research was to determine the association of context, entrance background, and process factors with the academic performance in the course of General Mathematics from the integral perspective of the CIPP model. The study was based on the application of the lineal regression model. The participating students (level one) were enrolled in the course General Math in year 2010 and the second sample (level two) was comprised by the professors teaching that same course. Findings provided evidence relating the students’ performance to their academic history (context), the student-instructor interaction and the methodological strategies (process), as well as instructor´s characteristics (entrance). Finally, the articulation of the CIPP model with the multilevel analysis allowed an integral approach to a multifactor educational phenomenonÍtem The acute effect of two intensities of tango (low and moderate) on mood states and perceived exertion in older adults(2013-05-05 03:19:29) Sánchez Gutiérrez, Ginette; Hernández Elizondo, Jessenia; Moncada Jiménez, JoséThe purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to compare the acute effect of two intensities of tango (low and moderate) on mood and perceived exertion in older adults. Two groups not randomized were formed, depending on the intensity of the tango class, defined by metabolic equivalents (METS). The low intensity tango group involving 22 older adults, and in the moderate intensity tango group were included 18 older adults. Participants filled out the questionnaire Profile of Mood States and the Borg´s Scale of Perceived Exertion before and after the tango class. There were no significant differences between groups according to the intensity of each class of tango in the five moods measured or perceived exertion. There was a significant increase for the mood of tension and for the perceived exertion in the posttest measurements (p ≤ 0.001). The novelty and difficulty factor in ignorance of the tango technique might affect the mood of tension in both groups and the management of different intensities of class. The mood of energy remained at high levels but did not increase significantly. More rigorous studies are needed to meet other physiological effects, including the intensity of tango as physical activity and psychological effects not studied in relation to this social dance.