Volumen 1, Número 1
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Ítem Utilización de excretas de las aves en alimentación de rumiantes(2013-06-04 00:00:00) Vargas González, Emilio; Mata Arias, Lizbeth LucíaUtilization of poultry excreta in rumiant feeding. A study wasconducted to determine chemical composition of poultry escreta in Costa Rica, artd a/so is discurs the use and limitation of these products in ruminant f eeding. Fesu/fs sho wed that the limitant f actor of these by.products is the catcium content; which was 3,1a and 6.13% for broiler titter and tayer litter respectively. Because of this, is not recommend the use of layer manure in ruminant feedinE' The nutrients content studied are in the range of data previoiLsiy reporled, athough is was obserued a great variability in the chemicalcomposition of these materials. The digestible energy valuated for ruminants was 2190 Kcal/kg for the broiler litter and 1748 kcal/kg for the layer litter.'Ítem Utilización de proteína concentrada de soya en la elaboración de alimentos preiniciadores para lechones(2013-06-04 00:00:00) Navarro González, Héctor; Easter, Robert A.; Casarín Valverde, AlbertoUtilization of soy protein concentrate in piglet prestarted diets.A sirty four percent crude protein soy protein concentrate wasevaluated as a substitute protein for dry skimmed mitk in prestarter diets fed to piglets from 2r to 42 days of age. Foriy percent of the original protein content in the contror diet was supptied with dry skimmed milk and substituted in s3, 66 and 100 percent of its totat content by the soy concentrate protein to form the other three experimental diets. No statistical difference was obserued in feed consumption, daily weight gain and feed conversion (p20.05) within each week period between the controt diet and the three experimental diets. The utilization of a soy protein concentrate used as a substitute for dry skimmed milk is a nutritionally and economically feasible alternative in prestarter diets without affecting the piglet perlormance. Further studies should be conducted.Ítem Utilización de grasas y sus subproductos en alimentación avícola(2013-06-04 00:00:00) Zumbado Alpízar, Mario Ernesto; Gutiérrez, Carlos R.; Pérez R., EliécerStudies on the use of palm fats and mixtures of fats and oils in poultry nutrition. The main f actors that affect the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of fats for poultry are their contents of saturated fatty acids and the unsaturated to saturated ratio (U FA: SFA), the carbon chain length of the SFA, the level of free fatty acids (FFA), and the age of the birds. Also, it is important to consider quality aspects of the fat being fed, such as the level of moisture, impurities and insaponifiable matter and toxic products developed in fats excesively heated, such as polymers resent in restaurant greases of poor quality. The results of the present studies show that up to 45% FFA in a crude palm oil - palm destilled fatty acids blend are permisable without detrimental effect on broiler performance when that blend was included at a 6% rate in starler diets. Besides, better results are obtained when a fat of high FFA content and /or low IJFA: SFA is fed after the first week of age and not in day-old broilers. The use of fats of high FFA content is feasible but a previous determination of its ME content is necessary before formulation of the feed. Due to the difficulties involved in the determination of ME by conventional methods, an alternative procedure is to calculate such values through the use of prediction equations. These equations use FFA and UFA:SFA levels in the fat and are developed for young and older broilers.Ítem Utilización de la cerdaza en la alimentación de ganado de carne. Una alternativa para evitar la contaminación ambiental(2013-06-04 00:00:00) Campabadal Herrero, CarlosEnviromental and economic impact of the use of swine waste on beef catle feeding program. Swine waste can be used as feed for beef cattle on feedlot. Manual and mechanical methods are the two ways to collect this product. The processing method and the composition of the pig diet affect the composition of the swine manure. Calcium level of swine waste is the most problematic nutrient. Swine waste production varies from 0.24 Ton/year for starter pigs to 2.4Ton for lactating sows and her litter. It is necessary the fecal production of 20 pigs to fed a steer. There are four processing methods which include dry, silage, chemical preservation and liquid: solid separation. It is non recomendable to use in swine diets, except at 10% level in gestating sows. Feeding beef cattle, the maximum level of swine waste is 60% plus other agricultural byproducts. Feed consumption varies f rom 1 0 to 1 2 Kg of fresh product and dairy gains from 500 to 900 g /day, depending on the genetic potencial of the animal.Ítem Fiebre de Leche(2013-06-04 00:00:00) Sánchez González, Jorge ManuelMilk fever. A review. Milk fever is an imbalance in calcium metabolism affecting specially high producing dairy cows. lt is caused by a reduction in the capacity of hormonal receptors to activate the calcium homeostatic mechanisms. Hence, when plasma calcium level drops below 5 mgll 00 mL the animat dies. Factors aff ecting the animal susceptibility to this metabolic desorder are feed, animal age, breed, level of production and individual factors. Atthough, the average incidence is 3 to 4/" and mortality is low; milk f ever is related to severaldrbeases. Treatment with borogluconate gives excelent results specially if cows are treated durign the first stages of the metabolic desorder. Feeding low calcium diets for two weeks prior to freshening followed bydiets with high contents of this mineralduring lactation help to prevent milk fever. Alternativety, high dosis of vitamin D in the diet orvitamin D analogs injected before parfurition help to prevent it. Acidogenic salts like ammonium cloride, ammonium sulfate, magnesium chloride and calcium chtoride are being also used with success to prevent this metabotic disorder.