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Novel Clade C-I Clostridium difficile strains escape diagnostic tests, differ in pathogenicity potential and carry toxins on extrachromosomal elements
(2018)
The population structure of Clostridium difficile currently comprises eight major genomic clades. For the highly divergent C-I clade, only two toxigenic strains have been reported, which lack the tcdA and tcdC genes and ...
Lettuce for Human Consumption Collected in Costa Rica Contains Complex Communities of Culturable Oxytetracycline- and Gentamicin-Resistant Bacteria
(2006-09)
The present widespread use of antimicrobials in crop farming is based upon their successful application in
human medicine. However, recent evidence suggests that the massive anthropogenic release of antimicrobials into ...
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteroides, Parabacteroides spp., and Pseudoflavonifractor from a Costa Rican Hospital
(2014-09)
Multidrug resistance in Bacteroides spp. and related genera is uncommon and has not been described in Latin America until now. We studied phenotypically and genotypically the multidrug resistance of 10 clinical strains of ...
Toxin B Variants from Clostridium difficile Strains VPI 10463 and NAP1/027 Share Similar Substrate Profile and Cellular Intoxication Kinetics but Use Different Host Cell Entry Factors
(2019)
Clostridium difficile induces antibiotic-associated diarrhea due to the release of toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), the latter being its main virulence factor. The epidemic strain NAP1/027 has an increased virulence ...
Isolation of a Toxigenic and Clinical Genotype of Clostridium difficile in Retail Meats in Costa Rica
(2013-02)
We isolated a regional toxigenic genotype of Clostridium difficile, previously found in human infection in 4 of 200 (2%) samples of retail meats for human consumption: 1 of 67 samples of beef, 2 of 66 of pork, and 1 of 67 ...
High quality 3C de novo assembly and annotation of a multidrug resistant ST-111 Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome: Benchmark of hybrid and non-hybrid assemblers
(2020)
Genotyping methods and genome sequencing are indispensable to reveal genomic structure of bacterial species displaying high level of genome plasticity. However, reconstruction of genome or assembly is not straightforward ...
Emergence of Clostridium difficile NAP1 in Latin America
(2010-02)
The NAP1 and NAP2 strains of Clostridium difficile have been linked to nosocomial outbreaks of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis in North American and European countries (4, 5). We found ...
Molecular detection of Clostridium difficile on inert surfaces from a Costa Rican hospital during and after an outbreak
(2016-12-01)
Background: Hospital transmission of Clostridium difficile is fostered by contamination of surfaces and
medical equipment with spores highly resistant to disinfectants and regular cleaning procedures. Despite
the outbreaks ...
A Novel Green Chemistry Method for Nonaqueous Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Detection of First-, Second-, and Third-Generation Tetracyclines, 4-Epitetracycline, and Tylosin in Animal Feeds
(2012-06)
Although tetracyclines and macrolides are common additives for animal nutrition, methods for their simultaneous determination in animal feeds are nonexistent. By coupling an organic extraction and solid-phase extraction ...
Phenotypic identification of over 1000 isolates of anaerobic bacteria recovered between 1999 and 2008 in a major Costa Rican hospital
(2011-07)
Because of limitations in infrastructure, the aetiology of infections caused by anaerobic bacteria is seldom determined in clinical laboratories of developing countries. This study reports on the identification of 1010 ...