Epidemiology of Genital Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Young Women in Costa Rica
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Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Abstract
El estudio analiza la epidemiología de la infección genital por Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) en mujeres jóvenes de Costa Rica, específicamente en Guanacaste y Puntarenas. Con una muestra de 5829 mujeres entre 18 y 25 años, se encontró una prevalencia de Ct del 14.2%, una de las más altas reportadas a nivel mundial. Los factores de riesgo más significativos fueron el número de parejas sexuales, el estado civil, el uso actual de dispositivos intrauterinos (DIU), el tabaquismo y la presencia de ectopia cervical. También se observó una fuerte correlación entre Ct y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual como gonorrea y VPH. El estudio recomienda implementar programas de tamizaje y educación sobre el uso correcto del condón, además de investigar más a fondo el papel de los DIU y las coinfecciones en contextos de alta prevalencia.
The study investigates the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) among 5829 sexually active women aged 18–25 in Costa Rica, as part of a community-based HPV vaccine trial. It found a high overall prevalence of Ct (14.2%), with serovar E being the most common genotype. Key risk factors included the number of lifetime sexual partners, current use of intrauterine devices (IUDs), smoking, and cervical ectopy. Ct infection was also strongly correlated with other sexually transmitted infections, especially gonorrhea and high-risk HPV. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted screening and education programs in high-prevalence regions like Costa Rica.
The study investigates the epidemiology of Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) among 5829 sexually active women aged 18–25 in Costa Rica, as part of a community-based HPV vaccine trial. It found a high overall prevalence of Ct (14.2%), with serovar E being the most common genotype. Key risk factors included the number of lifetime sexual partners, current use of intrauterine devices (IUDs), smoking, and cervical ectopy. Ct infection was also strongly correlated with other sexually transmitted infections, especially gonorrhea and high-risk HPV. The findings highlight the urgent need for targeted screening and education programs in high-prevalence regions like Costa Rica.
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Keywords
Genital Chlamydia, Epidemiología, Dispositivo intrauterino (DIU), Conducta sexual, Inflamación cervical, Vaginosis bacteriana