Costa Rican Propolis Chemical Compositions: Nemorosone Found to Be Present in an Exclusive Geographical Zone
Fecha
2023-10-14
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Umaña Rojas, Eduardo
Solano Arias, Godofredo
Zamora Fallas, Luis Gabriel
Tamayo Castillo, Giselle
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Resumen
Background: The chemistry of Costa Rican propolis from Apis mellifera remains underexplored
despite its potential applications. This study identified its chemical composition, linking chemotypes to
antioxidant potential. Methods: Proton nuclearmagnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra were obtained for
119 propolis extracts and analyzed usingmultivariate analyses. In parallel, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
(DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used to assess antioxidant activity. A generalized linear regression
model (GLM) correlated this with its chemical profiles and geographical origin. Chromatographic
methods were used to isolate active and inactive compounds, which were identified using nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Results: Principal component
analysis (PCA) revealed three chemical profile groups for the 119 propolis extracts, explaining 73% of the
total variance with two components. Radical scavenging activity was found to correlate with chemical
composition. Isolation yielded n-coniferyl benzoate in type I (EC50 = 190 μg/mL, ORAC = 0.60 μmol
TE/μmol) and nemorosone in type II (EC50 = 300 μg/mL, ORAC = 0.7 μmol TE/μmol). Type III was
represented in terpene-like components, which exhibited lower antioxidant activity. Conclusions: This
study categorizes Costa Rican propolis into three chemical types and identifies two key components
linked to antioxidant activity. Notably, nemorosone, a valuable natural product, was found to be highly
concentrated in a particular region of Costa Rica.
Descripción
Palabras clave
propolis, nemorosone, chemical fingerprinting, NMR