Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chloride Followed by Ion Chromatography as an Alternative to the ASTM D6470 Method for the Determination of Crude Oil Salinity
Fecha
2020
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Fernández Campos, Adriana
Cassella, Alessandra R.
Cassella, Ricardo J.
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Resumen
The presence of chloride in crude oil can result in a number of drawbacks, with technical and economic impacts on
the production of petroleum derivatives. For this reason, it must be carefully monitored in this kind of sample. In this work, we
developed a simple and efficient method for the determination of chloride in crude oil by ion chromatography with conductivity
detection after microwave-assisted extraction. The method was optimized using a multivariate strategy based on the use of a twolevel
full factorial design for the screening of significant factors and a Doehlert matrix for their optimization. Four factors were
selected in this study: mass of the sample, extraction temperature, extraction time, and the volume of toluene employed to disperse
the sample. Under optimized conditions, 1.10 g of the sample was dispersed in 3.0 mL of toluene and 10 mL of deionized water was
added. The mixture was irradiated for 25 min at 146 °C (extraction temperature). After cooling, the mixture was centrifuged for 15
min at 5000 rpm for separation of the phases, and the aqueous extract was filtered and analyzed by ion chromatography. The limits
of detection and quantification of the method were 0.13 and 0.39 μg g−1, respectively. The method was applied in the determination
of chloride in four samples of crude oil, and the obtained results were statistically similar to those obtained by the reference method
(ASTM D6470).
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Palabras clave
HYDROCARBONS, ANIONS, EXTRACTION