El sistema de penas de la Ley de responsabilidad de las personas jurídicas sobre cohechos domésticos, soborno transnacional y otros delitos (N°9699)
Fecha
2023
Tipo
tesis de maestría
Autores
Trejos Robert, Sergio
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Resumen
La Ley de Responsabilidad de las Personas Jurídicas sobre cohechos domésticos, soborno transnacional y otros delitos (N°9699) implementó la responsabilidad penal de las personas morales.
Es un verdadero cambio de paradigma del derecho penal. Como no se puede privar de libertad una persona moral, se creó un complejo sistema de penas. La pena principal es la multa y también existen una serie penas accesorias: inhabilitaciones especiales; pérdida de los beneficios fiscales; cancelación de las concesiones, contrataciones administrativas y permisos de operación; publicación del por tanto de la sentencia condenatoria; y la disolución de la persona jurídica.
Algunas de estas normas son inconstitucionales y otras pueden ser calificadas de desproporcionadas.
Existen atenuantes y ciertas reglas específicas para la determinación jurisdiccional de la pena.
La ausencia de leyes que permitan la ejecución coactiva de estas normas vuelve todo el sistema de responsabilidad penal de las personas morales en un ejemplo de derecho penal simbólico.
The Law of Liability of Legal Entities on domestic bribery, transnational bribery and other crimes (No. 9699) implemented the criminal liability of legal entities. It is a true paradigm shift in criminal law. Since a moral person cannot be deprived of liberty, a complex system of penalties has been created. The main penalty is a fine and there is also a series of accessory penalties: special disqualifications; loss of tax benefits; cancellation of concessions, administrative contracts and operating permits; publication of the therefore conviction; and the dissolution of the legal person. Some of these penalties are unconstitutional and others can be described as disproportionate. There are mitigating factors and certain specific rules for the jurisdictional determination of the penalty. The absence of laws that allow the coercive enforcement of these penalties, turns the entire criminal liability system of moral persons into an example of symbolic criminal law.
The Law of Liability of Legal Entities on domestic bribery, transnational bribery and other crimes (No. 9699) implemented the criminal liability of legal entities. It is a true paradigm shift in criminal law. Since a moral person cannot be deprived of liberty, a complex system of penalties has been created. The main penalty is a fine and there is also a series of accessory penalties: special disqualifications; loss of tax benefits; cancellation of concessions, administrative contracts and operating permits; publication of the therefore conviction; and the dissolution of the legal person. Some of these penalties are unconstitutional and others can be described as disproportionate. There are mitigating factors and certain specific rules for the jurisdictional determination of the penalty. The absence of laws that allow the coercive enforcement of these penalties, turns the entire criminal liability system of moral persons into an example of symbolic criminal law.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Persona Jurídica, Derecho Penal, Sistema de sanciones