Evaluación numérica del asentamiento provocado por un posible túnel del metro de San José y su posible afectación a dos edificaciones emblemáticas
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Se realizó el cálculo de asentamientos producto de la excavación con TBM tipo EPB, de un túnel del Metro del Área Metropolitana de San José (AMSJ), mediante un método analítico y mediante el método numérico de elementos finitos, implementado en el programa de cómputo RS2. El cálculo se realizó a partir de la caracterización geotécnica del terreno en el área de influencia del Teatro Nacional y del edificio del CFIA, debido a su cercanía con el túnel del Metro y a que ambas edificaciones son consideradas emblemáticas.
La comparación entre los métodos de cálculo permitió verificar que la cuenca de asentamientos calculada con el método analítico que mejor coincide con la calculada con elementos finitos, en el caso del Teatro Nacional, es la relacionada con el parámetro empírico K=0,6 y una pérdida de volumen de 0,5%. En el caso del edificio del CFIA, la cuenca de asentamientos calculada con el método analítico que mejor se ajusta a los cálculos con elementos finitos, es la relacionada con valores de K=0,5 y K=0,6 para una pérdida de volumen de 0,7%. A partir de los asentamientos y de las deformaciones horizontales calculados para ambas edificaciones, se determinaron los valores de los parámetros de control como la distorsión angular, la deformación horizontal y la razón de deflexión, requeridos para estimar, los niveles o categorías de daños probables mediante los criterios de Boscardin y Cording (1989) y Burland (1996).
Se obtuvo como resultado que, en el caso del Teatro Nacional, los daños que se pueden presentar son ligeros a muy ligeros para pérdidas de volumen de 1,0% y 0,7%, mientras que para una pérdida de volumen de 0,5% y para el cálculo con el método numérico, los daños serían despreciables o insignificantes. Este resultado indica que el valor de pérdida de volumen requerido durante la excavación del túnel del Metro debe especificarse como 0,5% y que se deben tomar acciones de acondicionamiento del terreno para cumplir con ese valor. En el caso del edificio del CFIA se determinó que se ubica fuera de la zona de influencia de las cuencas de asentamientos calculadas y, por ende, no se requiere la evaluación de posibles daños. M.J.J.
The settlement calculations resulting from the excavation of a San José Metropolitan Area (AMSJ) Metro tunnel using a TBM EPB were performed by the author using an analytical method and a numerical method, specifically the finite element method implemented in the RS2 software. The calculation was based on the geotechnical characterization of the terrain in the influence area of the National Theater and the CFIA building, both considered emblematic buildings. The comparison between the calculation methods revealed that the settlement basin calculated by the analytical method that best matches the one calculated using the numerical method for the National Theater, is the one associated with an empirical parameter K with a value of 0,6 and a volume loss of 0,5%. In the case of the CFIA building, the settlement basin that best fits the calculations using the numerical method is the one related to values of K = 0,5 and K = 0,6 for a volume loss of 0,7%. Based on the settlements and horizontal deformations calculated for both buildings, values for control parameters such as angular distortion, horizontal deformation, and deflection ratio were determined in order to estimate the probable damage levels or categories for both buildings using the criteria of Boscardin and Cording (1989) and Burland (1996). The result obtained is that, in the case of the National Theater, the damages that may occur are slight to very slight for volume losses of 1,0% and 0,7%, while for a volume loss of 0,5% and for the calculation with the numerical method, the damages would be negligible or insignificant. This result indicates that the target volume loss value during the excavation of the Metro tunnel should be specified at 0,5% and that ground conditioning actions should be taken to meet this value. Additionally, according to the results of the analysis, no surface treatments are required for the National Theater. In the case of the CFIA building, it was determined that it is located outside the zone of influence of the calculated settlement basins and, therefore, no assessment of possible damage is required. M.J.J.
The settlement calculations resulting from the excavation of a San José Metropolitan Area (AMSJ) Metro tunnel using a TBM EPB were performed by the author using an analytical method and a numerical method, specifically the finite element method implemented in the RS2 software. The calculation was based on the geotechnical characterization of the terrain in the influence area of the National Theater and the CFIA building, both considered emblematic buildings. The comparison between the calculation methods revealed that the settlement basin calculated by the analytical method that best matches the one calculated using the numerical method for the National Theater, is the one associated with an empirical parameter K with a value of 0,6 and a volume loss of 0,5%. In the case of the CFIA building, the settlement basin that best fits the calculations using the numerical method is the one related to values of K = 0,5 and K = 0,6 for a volume loss of 0,7%. Based on the settlements and horizontal deformations calculated for both buildings, values for control parameters such as angular distortion, horizontal deformation, and deflection ratio were determined in order to estimate the probable damage levels or categories for both buildings using the criteria of Boscardin and Cording (1989) and Burland (1996). The result obtained is that, in the case of the National Theater, the damages that may occur are slight to very slight for volume losses of 1,0% and 0,7%, while for a volume loss of 0,5% and for the calculation with the numerical method, the damages would be negligible or insignificant. This result indicates that the target volume loss value during the excavation of the Metro tunnel should be specified at 0,5% and that ground conditioning actions should be taken to meet this value. Additionally, according to the results of the analysis, no surface treatments are required for the National Theater. In the case of the CFIA building, it was determined that it is located outside the zone of influence of the calculated settlement basins and, therefore, no assessment of possible damage is required. M.J.J.
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ASENTAMIENTOS INDUCIDOS POR TÚNELES EN EL ÁREA URBANA, MÁQUINA TUNELADORA, MÉTODO ANALÍTICO, MÉTODO NUMÉRICO, CRITERIOS DE ESTIMACIÓN DE DAÑOS A EDIFICACIONES
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