Prevalencia de niveles bajos de 25(OH)-vitamina D en universitarios costarricenses
Fecha
2023
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Castro Bonilla, Nelly
Holst Schumacher, Ileana
Arroyo Portilla, Cynthia
Valverde Barrantes, Juan Manuel
Vargas Soto, Marco
Barrantes Santamaría, Mauro
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Resumen
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D3 y sus características clínicas y
bioquímicas en una población de universitarios costarricenses.
Métodos: Investigación transversal y descriptiva en un total de 118 individuos sanos,
de ambos sexos, con edades entre los 18-43 años. Se preguntó sobre historia familiar de
enfermedades crónicas, nivel de exposición al sol, uso de protectores solares, presión arterial.
En el laboratorio, se analizaron en suero: glucosa, calcio, fosfato, hormona paratiroidea,
insulina, 25 OH-Vitamina D e inmunoglobulina E. Se calcularon el índice de masa corporal
y el modelo matemático de evaluación para la homeostasis de la resistencia a la insulina.
Resultados: La prevalencia de hipovitaminosis D3 (<30 ng/mL) en este estudio fue de 25% sin
diferencia significativa por sexo. La concentración promedio de 25 OH-vitamina D fue 36,2
ng/mL, con valores que van desde 14,5 a 59,5 ng/mL. Un total de 26 estudiantes presentaba
insuficiencia de 25 OH-vitamina D (21-29 ng/mL) y solamente 4 fueron clasificados con una
deficiencia grave (<20 ng/mL). No se encontraron casos de hipervitaminosis D3 (>100 ng/mL)
en la muestra de estudio. Al comparar aquellos sujetos con deficiencia de 25 OH-Vitamina
D3 contra los que presentaron niveles séricos normales de esta vitamina, se observaron
diferencias significativas solamente en dos parámetros bioquímicos: insulina (10,9 ± 7,4 μUI/
mL vs 8,3 ± 4,1 μUI/mL; p=0,017) y el índice HOMA IR (2,48 ± 1,86 vs 1,85 ± 0,3; p=0,002). Cerca
de la mitad de los estudiantes relataron antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus (49,2%)
e hipertensión arterial (52,9%). El 29% de los participantes tenía sobrepeso y obesidad.
Conclusiones: El 25% de los sujetos estudiados presentó deficiencia de 25 OH-Vitamina
D. Estos sujetos, a su vez, presentaron una mayor prevalencia de hiperinsulinemia y
resistencia a la insulina en comparación con personas con concentraciones normales
de esta vitamina. También existe una alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo entre los
familiares de la población joven, los cuales podrían aumentar el riesgo de estos estudiantes
de padecer diabetes mellitus o enfermedades cardiovasculares en un futuro cercano.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D3 in a population of Costa Rican University students and describe its clinical and biochemical characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive research with a total of 118 healthy individuals of both genders aged between 18-43 years. Questions were asked about family history of chronic diseases, level of sun exposure, use of sunscreens, blood pressure. In the laboratory, glucose, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, insulin, 25 OH-Vitamin D and immunoglobulin E were analyzed in serum. Body Mass Index and the mathematical assessment model for the homeostasis of insulin resistance were calculated. Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D3 (<30 ng/mL) in this study was 25% with no significant difference by sex. The average concentration of 25 OH-Vitamin D was 36.2 ng/mL, with values ranging from 14.5 to 59.5 ng/mL. A total of 26 students had 25 OHVitamin D insufficiency (21-29 ng/mL) and only 4 were classified as severely deficient (<20 ng/mL). No cases of hypervitaminosis D3 (> 100 ng/mL) were found in the study sample. When comparing those subjects with 25 OH-Vitamin D3 deficiency against those with normal serum levels of this vitamin, significant differences were observed only in two biochemical parameters: insulin (10.9 ± 7.4 μIU/mL vs 8.3 ± 4.1 μUI/mL; p=0.017) and the HOMA IR index (2.48 ± 1.86 vs 1.85 ± 0.3; p=0.002). Nearly half of the students reported a family history of Diabetes Mellitus (49.2%) and arterial hypertension (52.9%). Near 29% of the participants were overweight and obese. Conclusions: Around 25% of the subjects studied presented 25 OH-Vitamin D deficiency. These subjects, in turn, presented a higher prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance compared with people with normal concentrations of this vitamin. There is also a high prevalence of risk factors among the relatives of the young population that could increase the risk of these students of suffering from Diabetes Mellitus or cardiovascular diseases in the future.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D3 in a population of Costa Rican University students and describe its clinical and biochemical characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive research with a total of 118 healthy individuals of both genders aged between 18-43 years. Questions were asked about family history of chronic diseases, level of sun exposure, use of sunscreens, blood pressure. In the laboratory, glucose, calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, insulin, 25 OH-Vitamin D and immunoglobulin E were analyzed in serum. Body Mass Index and the mathematical assessment model for the homeostasis of insulin resistance were calculated. Results: The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D3 (<30 ng/mL) in this study was 25% with no significant difference by sex. The average concentration of 25 OH-Vitamin D was 36.2 ng/mL, with values ranging from 14.5 to 59.5 ng/mL. A total of 26 students had 25 OHVitamin D insufficiency (21-29 ng/mL) and only 4 were classified as severely deficient (<20 ng/mL). No cases of hypervitaminosis D3 (> 100 ng/mL) were found in the study sample. When comparing those subjects with 25 OH-Vitamin D3 deficiency against those with normal serum levels of this vitamin, significant differences were observed only in two biochemical parameters: insulin (10.9 ± 7.4 μIU/mL vs 8.3 ± 4.1 μUI/mL; p=0.017) and the HOMA IR index (2.48 ± 1.86 vs 1.85 ± 0.3; p=0.002). Nearly half of the students reported a family history of Diabetes Mellitus (49.2%) and arterial hypertension (52.9%). Near 29% of the participants were overweight and obese. Conclusions: Around 25% of the subjects studied presented 25 OH-Vitamin D deficiency. These subjects, in turn, presented a higher prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance compared with people with normal concentrations of this vitamin. There is also a high prevalence of risk factors among the relatives of the young population that could increase the risk of these students of suffering from Diabetes Mellitus or cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, ESTUDIANTE UNIVERSITARIO, SALUD, VITAMINA, DEFICIENCIA