Maternal health in Central America: The role of medicinal plants in the pregnancy-related health and well-being of indigenous women in Central America

Abstract

Over the past 20 years, Central America (CA) has made considerable progress in improving the health status of its populations. However, in some countries, the overall health status remains below average with poor outcomes concentrated geographically among the poor and Indigenous populations. Although Indigenous people make up the second largest population in CA, these populations have less access to healthcare, and funding for initiatives to improve maternal health is scarce. In many communities across CA, women continue to rely heavily on plant-based medicines for health and well-being, and yet there is a paucity of information regarding the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Sourced from available academic, governmental, and gray literature, in both English and Spanish, this chapter reviews maternal health issues among the Indigenous, Ladino, and other ethnic women of CA, evaluates the role of traditional medicine practices and their influence on maternal health outcomes, and reviews the existing scientific evidence supporting the use of traditional (i.e., plant-based) medicines for pregnancy-related health conditions.