Frecuencias de grupos sanguíneos ABO, Rh y Kell en donantes de sangre y pacientes de los bancos de sangre de los hospitales San Juan de Dios, Calderón Guardia y México entre los años 2009 y 2018
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Quirós Fernández, Isaac
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Los sistemas sanguíneos ABO, Rh y Kell son los más relevantes desde el punto de vista clínico por su inmunogenicidad y ser los principales causantes de reacciones hemolíticas. Mediante este estudio estimamos las frecuencias actualizadas de los grupos ABO y Rh en pacientes y donantes de Costa Rica, así como la frecuencia del antígeno Kell en estos mismos donantes. Para eso, extrajimos de las bases de datos de los bancos de sangre de tres hospitales de adultos de Costa Rica, las frecuencias de estos grupos sanguíneos en muestras de donantes y pacientes entre el periodo de 2009 y el 2018.
Las frecuencias de los grupos ABO en las muestras de donantes y pacientes mostraron diferencias pequeñas pero significativas. La frecuencia del fenotipo Rh D negativo fue más alta en pacientes (8.0%) que en donantes (6.1%). Se estimaron las frecuencias de los antígenos C (67.8 %), c (80.5 %), E (41.4 %), e (94.4 %) y K (3.1 %) a partir de las muestras de los donantes. Las estrategias de reclutamiento de donantes de sangre aumentan la frecuencia del fenotipo Rh negativo en donantes con respecto a los pacientes. Las estadísticas recopiladas demuestran un aumento en la frecuencia del grupo O en comparación con los últimos estudios relacionados. Finalmente, los otros antígenos no presentaron tanta variación en comparación a estudios previos.
ABO, Rh and Kell are the most clinically relevant blood systems due to their high immunogenicity and because they are often involved in acute and delayed hemolytic reactions. Through this study we estimate updated frequencies of the ABO and Rh groups in patients and blood donors in Costa Rica, as well as the frequency of the Kell antigen in blood donors. In order to accomplish that, we extracted from the databases of the blood banks of three main adult hospitals in Costa Rica, the frequencies of those blood groups in samples from donors and patients between the years of 2009 and 2018. The frequencies of the ABO groups in the donor and patient samples showed small but significant differences. The frequency of the Rh D negative phenotype was higher in patients (8.0%) than in donors (6.1%). The frequencies of the antigens C (67.8%), c (80.5%), E (41.4%), e (94.4%) and K (3.1%) were estimated from donor samples. Blood donor recruitment strategies increase the frequency of the Rh negative phenotype in donors with respect to patients. The statistics collected show an increase in the frequency of group O compared to the latest related studies. Finally, the other antigens did not show much variation when compared to previous studies.
ABO, Rh and Kell are the most clinically relevant blood systems due to their high immunogenicity and because they are often involved in acute and delayed hemolytic reactions. Through this study we estimate updated frequencies of the ABO and Rh groups in patients and blood donors in Costa Rica, as well as the frequency of the Kell antigen in blood donors. In order to accomplish that, we extracted from the databases of the blood banks of three main adult hospitals in Costa Rica, the frequencies of those blood groups in samples from donors and patients between the years of 2009 and 2018. The frequencies of the ABO groups in the donor and patient samples showed small but significant differences. The frequency of the Rh D negative phenotype was higher in patients (8.0%) than in donors (6.1%). The frequencies of the antigens C (67.8%), c (80.5%), E (41.4%), e (94.4%) and K (3.1%) were estimated from donor samples. Blood donor recruitment strategies increase the frequency of the Rh negative phenotype in donors with respect to patients. The statistics collected show an increase in the frequency of group O compared to the latest related studies. Finally, the other antigens did not show much variation when compared to previous studies.
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Grupos sanguíneos, ABO, Rh, Kell
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