Colecta y establecimiento de anonáceas en El Salvador.
Date
Authors
Cruz, Eduardo
Deras, Héctor
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Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Costa Rica
Abstract
Description
El Centro Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y Forestal (CENTA), a través de la Unidad de Recursos Fitogenéticos, inició en 1998 un diagnóstico geográfico de especies de anonáceas, con el objetivo de explorar, recolectar, caracterizar y establecer colecciones de campo en las Estaciones Experimentales. Las características evaluadas para frutos fueron: peso, largo y diámetro, número de semillas, textura de cáscara y pulpa; forma de fruto y cárpelos, daño por plagas y enfermedades y un análisis bromatológico. Como resultado de este trabajo se estableció la colección de anonáceas con las siguientes especies: squamosa, cherimola, reticulata, muricata, purpurea, diversifolia, holosericea y glabra. En la caracterización morfológica preliminar Annona muricata obtuvo un promedio de 175 semillas/fruto y 1,319 g en peso del fruto. A. cherimola con pulpa muy arenosa y carpelos no prominentes. A. squamosa con pulpa dulce, blanca y cárpelos muy prominentes. De la caracterización bromatológica se determinó que Annona muricata dio contenidos de humedad superiores a 82,8%; fibra cruda de 1,84% y fósforo con 367 ppm. En Annona diversifolia con menor grasa 0,01%. La mayor incidencia por plagas en frutos y semillas fue causado por el perforador Bephrateloides sp. La antracnosis (Colletotrichum sp.) en frutos y follaje fue la enfermedad más observada.
The national center of agricultural and forest technology (CENTA), through its unit of phytogenetic resources, under took a collecting survey of annonacea species in 1998, with the objective of exploring, collect, characterize and establish collections in the experimental stations. This survey was carried out at a national level visiting properties and markets. Evaluated traits for fruits were: weight , lenght and diameter, number of seeds, texture of shell and pulp, form of fruit and carpels, damage for pests and diseases. It also was carried out a bromatological analysis. As a result of the survey a collection was established with these species: squamosa, cherimola, reticulata, muricata, purpurea, diversifolia, holosericea and glabra. The morphological characterization Annona muricata showed an average of 175 seeds per fruit and an average weight of 1,319 grames per fruit. A. cherimola showed a very sandy pulp and non-prominent carpels. A. squamosa showed a sweet pulp, white and very prominent carpels. According to the bromatological characterization Annona muricata showed the higher humidity (82.8%), 1.84% of crude fiber, 367ppm of phosphorus. Annona diversifolia showed the lowest fat content of 0.01%. The highest pests was caused by Bephrateloides sp. and by Colletotrichum sp. in fruits and foliage.
The national center of agricultural and forest technology (CENTA), through its unit of phytogenetic resources, under took a collecting survey of annonacea species in 1998, with the objective of exploring, collect, characterize and establish collections in the experimental stations. This survey was carried out at a national level visiting properties and markets. Evaluated traits for fruits were: weight , lenght and diameter, number of seeds, texture of shell and pulp, form of fruit and carpels, damage for pests and diseases. It also was carried out a bromatological analysis. As a result of the survey a collection was established with these species: squamosa, cherimola, reticulata, muricata, purpurea, diversifolia, holosericea and glabra. The morphological characterization Annona muricata showed an average of 175 seeds per fruit and an average weight of 1,319 grames per fruit. A. cherimola showed a very sandy pulp and non-prominent carpels. A. squamosa showed a sweet pulp, white and very prominent carpels. According to the bromatological characterization Annona muricata showed the higher humidity (82.8%), 1.84% of crude fiber, 367ppm of phosphorus. Annona diversifolia showed the lowest fat content of 0.01%. The highest pests was caused by Bephrateloides sp. and by Colletotrichum sp. in fruits and foliage.