Lecturabilidad en documentos informativos sobre dispositivos médicos dirigidos a pacientes hispanohablantes: una perspectiva desde la lingüística sistémico-funcional
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Abstract
En esta investigación se analizó la lecturabilidad de documentos informativos sobre dispositivos médicos dirigidos a pacientes hispanohablantes. Para cumplir dicho objetivo, este estudio revisó un corpus de 13 documentos y recurrió a tres elementos de la lingüística sistémico-funcional: escogencias léxico-gramaticales (para dar cuenta sobre el uso de tecnicismos como el nombre de los dispositivos médicos o de enfermedades), relaciones hipotácticas (para determinar el impacto del uso de oraciones complejas en la lecturabilidad de un documento) y la estructura temática (puesto que el orden en que se proporcionaba la información en un documento podía impactar su comprensión). Además, se llevó a cabo una prueba de comprensión lectora (prueba Cloze) en una población de 273 personas para comprobar si los hallazgos con base en la teoría eran realmente reflejados en la interacción documento-lector.
El estudio empleó una metodología combinada, integrando elementos tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos en su aproximación investigativa. Entre los resultados se destaca que los documentos sobre dispositivos médicos dirigidos a pacientes contienen una cantidad significativa de tecnicismos (16% del total de palabras), principalmente del campo médico. El análisis reveló un predominio de relaciones hipotácticas de expansión, especialmente de ampliación (73%) y elaboración (23%). En cuanto a la estructura temática, se observó un predominio de temas no marcados (86%). La evaluación de lecturabilidad mediante la prueba Cloze mostró que la efectividad de las estrategias de simplificación a partir de los postulados de la lingüística sistémico-funcional (LSF) y la teoría de la lecturabilidad varía según los grupos demográficos, con mejoras notables en participantes de 41 a 64 años. El estudio concluye que se necesita un enfoque integral que combine elementos de la LSF y la teoría de la lecturabilidad para mejorar la comprensión de estos documentos, especialmente para lectores mayores de 40 años.
This research analyzed the readability of informative documents about medical devices intended to Spanish-speaking patients. To fulfill this objective, the study reviewed a corpus of 13 documents and relied on three elements of the Systemic functional linguistics: lexico-grammatical choices (to account for the use of technical terms such as the names of medical devices or diseases), hypotactic relations (to determine the impact of complex sentences on a document's readability), and thematic structure (since the order in which information is provided in a document could impact its comprehension). Additionally, a reading comprehension test (Cloze test) was conducted on a population of 273 people to verify if the findings based on theory were reflected in the document-reader interaction. The study implemented a combined methodology, integrating both qualitative and quantitative elements in its investigative approach. Among the results, it is noteworthy that the documents about medical devices intended for patients contain a significant number of technical terms (16% out of the total words), mainly from the medical field. The analysis also revealed a predominance of hypotactic relations of expansion, especially enhancement (73%) and elaboration (23%). Furthermore, regarding the thematic structure, a predominance of unmarked themes (86%) was observed. Moreover, the readability evaluation using the Cloze test showed that the effectiveness of simplification strategies based on the premises of Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and readability theory varies across demographic groups, with notable improvements in participants aged 41 to 64 years. Finally, the study concludes that a comprehensive approach combining elements from the SFL and readability theory is needed to improve the comprehension of this kind of informative documents, especially for readers over 40 years old.
This research analyzed the readability of informative documents about medical devices intended to Spanish-speaking patients. To fulfill this objective, the study reviewed a corpus of 13 documents and relied on three elements of the Systemic functional linguistics: lexico-grammatical choices (to account for the use of technical terms such as the names of medical devices or diseases), hypotactic relations (to determine the impact of complex sentences on a document's readability), and thematic structure (since the order in which information is provided in a document could impact its comprehension). Additionally, a reading comprehension test (Cloze test) was conducted on a population of 273 people to verify if the findings based on theory were reflected in the document-reader interaction. The study implemented a combined methodology, integrating both qualitative and quantitative elements in its investigative approach. Among the results, it is noteworthy that the documents about medical devices intended for patients contain a significant number of technical terms (16% out of the total words), mainly from the medical field. The analysis also revealed a predominance of hypotactic relations of expansion, especially enhancement (73%) and elaboration (23%). Furthermore, regarding the thematic structure, a predominance of unmarked themes (86%) was observed. Moreover, the readability evaluation using the Cloze test showed that the effectiveness of simplification strategies based on the premises of Systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and readability theory varies across demographic groups, with notable improvements in participants aged 41 to 64 years. Finally, the study concludes that a comprehensive approach combining elements from the SFL and readability theory is needed to improve the comprehension of this kind of informative documents, especially for readers over 40 years old.
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Lecturabilidad, Dispositivos médicos, Lingüística sistémico-funcional, Técnicismos, Pacientes