La fábrica como espacio material y social: apuntes de ingeniería industrial sobre el problema de la variabilidad estadística en los procesos y la definición de sus causas
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González Víquez, Marcos Gerardo
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Abstract
El objetivo de este caso de estudio es presentar un enfoque metodológico básico donde la descripción y análisis estadístico de atributos de un proceso productivo se combinan con el trabajo de campo cualitativo para brindar una explicación al problema de la variabilidad en las especificaciones del producto. En general, se propone que la producción industrial no se limita a ser un fenómeno físico de transformación de materiales en productos, sino que es un campo de relaciones socio-económicas insertas en una dinámica de mercado. La fábrica, no solo produce “cosas”, sino que además “relaciona” personas en función de sus posiciones en la estructura organizacional, asimismo estas relaciones configuran el valor del trabajo a nivel social. Entre los resultados principales del caso analizado, destaca que a pesar de que la tendencia central no lograba cumplimiento de la especificación, la baja variabilidad indicaba que el proceso tenía un control desde la perspectiva de los operarios.
The objective of this case study is to present a basic methodological approach where the description and statistical analysis of attributes of a productive process are combined with the qualitative field work to provide an explanation to the problem of variability in product specifications. In general, it is proposed that industrial production is not limited to a physical phenomenon of transformation of materials into products, but is a field of socio-economic relations embedded in a market dynamics. The factory, not only produces things, but also relates people according to their positions in the organizational structure, and these relationships shape the value of work at the social level. Among the main results of the analyzed case, it emphasizes that although the central tendency did not comply with the specification, the low variability indicated that the process had a control from the perspective of the operators.
The objective of this case study is to present a basic methodological approach where the description and statistical analysis of attributes of a productive process are combined with the qualitative field work to provide an explanation to the problem of variability in product specifications. In general, it is proposed that industrial production is not limited to a physical phenomenon of transformation of materials into products, but is a field of socio-economic relations embedded in a market dynamics. The factory, not only produces things, but also relates people according to their positions in the organizational structure, and these relationships shape the value of work at the social level. Among the main results of the analyzed case, it emphasizes that although the central tendency did not comply with the specification, the low variability indicated that the process had a control from the perspective of the operators.
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estadística, ingeniería industrial, método, fábrica, proceso, statistics, industrial engineering, method, factory, process
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