Control de malezas en chile (Capsicum annuum) y zuchini (Cucurbita pepo) mediante el uso de coberturas plásticas
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Herrera Murillo, Franklin
Gamboa, Claudio
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Universidad de Costa Rica
Abstract
De junio de 1995 a febrero de 1996, en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno, ubicada en el Barrio San José, provincia de Alajuela, se realizó un experimento con el propósito de evaluar el efecto sobre las malezas de diferentes colores de coberturas plásticas, durante la estación lluviosa y la estación seca (con riego por gravedad) en la zona media de Costa Rica. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron siete coberturas plásticas de 1,5 milésimas de pulgada de espesor, de diferentes colores (rojo, negro, plata, café, blanco, coextruidos plata/negro y blanco/negro), una cobertura orgánica compuesta por un 50% de hojas maduras de maíz y 50% de hojas de gandul, y un testigo sin cobertu- ras con control parcial de malezas). Como cultivos indicadores se utilizaron: chile dulce (de junio a octubre) en la estación lluviosa y zuchini (de noviembre a febrero) en la estación seca. Se encontró que todas las coberturas plásticas permitieron el crecimiento de malezas en el agujero de siembra, mientras que, con la cobertura orgánica el crecimiento de malezas alrededor del cultivo fue menor. Los plásticos que no dejaron pasar luz (negro, plata y cohextruidos blanco/negro y plata/negro), no permitieron el crecimiento de malezas bajo la cobertura. Cuando el color de la cobertura fue blanco, rojo o café, hubo crecimiento de malezas, variando el número y tipo de especies presentes bajo el plástico según el color. La presencia de áfidos en el chile fue mayor con la cobertura negra, mientras que con la cobertura orgánica no se encontraron áfidos. Las coberturas plásticas estimularon la producción del zuchini, usado como cultivo indicador, sobresaliendo los colores cohextruido plata/negro y plata.
An assay was conducted, at the Fabio Baudrit Experimental Station in Alajuela Costa Rica, to evaluate the effect of different colored plastic mulohes on weeds during the rainy and dry seasons (with surface irrigation). The evaluated treatments were: seven 0.0015 inch thick plastic mulohes (red, black, silver, brown, white, co-extruded silver/black and white/black), one organic mulohe made up by 50% mature maize leaves and 50% of pigeon pea leaves and an unmuloheed control with partial weed control. The indicator crops used were: red pepper (from June to October) during the rainy season and zucchini (from November to February, 1996) in the dry season. It was found that all plastic mulohes allowed the weeds to grow in the planting hole, while the organic mulohe had a lesser weed growth around the crop. The plastic mulohes which blocked the passage of light (black, silver, co-extruded white/black and silver/black) did not allow the growth of weeds. When the mulohe color was white, red or brown, there was weed growth, varying the number and species present under the plastic, according to their color. The presence of aphids on the pepper was greater for the black mulohe, but none were found with the organic mulohe. The plastic mulohes stimulated the yield of zucchini, standing out the co-extruded silver/black and silver color.
An assay was conducted, at the Fabio Baudrit Experimental Station in Alajuela Costa Rica, to evaluate the effect of different colored plastic mulohes on weeds during the rainy and dry seasons (with surface irrigation). The evaluated treatments were: seven 0.0015 inch thick plastic mulohes (red, black, silver, brown, white, co-extruded silver/black and white/black), one organic mulohe made up by 50% mature maize leaves and 50% of pigeon pea leaves and an unmuloheed control with partial weed control. The indicator crops used were: red pepper (from June to October) during the rainy season and zucchini (from November to February, 1996) in the dry season. It was found that all plastic mulohes allowed the weeds to grow in the planting hole, while the organic mulohe had a lesser weed growth around the crop. The plastic mulohes which blocked the passage of light (black, silver, co-extruded white/black and silver/black) did not allow the growth of weeds. When the mulohe color was white, red or brown, there was weed growth, varying the number and species present under the plastic, according to their color. The presence of aphids on the pepper was greater for the black mulohe, but none were found with the organic mulohe. The plastic mulohes stimulated the yield of zucchini, standing out the co-extruded silver/black and silver color.
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Keywords
Capsicum annuum, cucurbita pepo, malezas, herbicidas, cubrimiento del suelo, control ambiental, cubiertas de plástico, Costa Rica, Capsicum annuum, cucurbita pepo, weeds, herbicides, mulching, environmental control, plastic film covers, Costa Rica.