Resistencia de Aedes Aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) a insecticidas organofosforados y piretroides en la localidad de Orotina, Alajuela, Costa Rica
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Vargas Miranda, Karina
Troyo Rodríguez, Adriana
Calderón Arguedas, Ólger
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Abstract
Objetivos: Determinar la resistencia de una cepa de Aedes.
aegypti de Orotina a insecticidas organofosforados (temefós y
malatión), y a piretroides (deltametrina, lambda cialotrina y
cipermetrina).
Métodos: La evaluación de la resistencia se efectuó mediante
bioensayos larvarios. A partir de cada uno de los insecticidas se
calculó la concentración letal 50% (CL50). También se calculó
el factor de resistencia 50% (FR50) con respecto a la cepa
Rockefeller, que sirvió como control susceptible. En casos de
resistencia, la evaluación se repitió exponiendo previamente las
larvas a butóxido de piperonilo (BP), S, S, S
tributilfosforotritionato (DEF) y ácido etacrínico (AE) para
establecer los mecanismos de detoxificación asociados con la
resistencia. En cada caso se calculó un factor de sinergismo 50%
(FS50).
Resultados: La cepa Orotina mostró susceptibilidad a temefós,
malatión, deltametrina y lambda cialotrina, pero mostró
resistencia incipiente a cipermetrina (CL50= 0,01103 mg/L,
FR50 = 5,32). Sólo el BP revertió la resistencia a este insecticida
(FS50= 10,92), lo que representa un mecanismo de
detoxificación asociado con el sistema citrocromo P450
monooxigenasa.
Discusión: Aunque la cepa de Ae. aegypti de Orotina mostró
resistencia a cipermetrina, existen otros insecticidas para los
cuales fue susceptible, que brindan opciones a las autoridades de
salud para su implementación en el control químico del vector.
Conclusiones: El monitoreo de la resistencia es requerido para
asegurar la efectividad de los insecticidas que se utilizan en el
control químico.
Objectives: To determine the resistance to organophosphate (temephos and malathion) and pyrethroid (deltamethrin, lambda cyhalothrin, and cypermethrin) insecticides in a strain of Aedes aegypti from Orotina. Methods: The evaluation of the resistance was carried out by larval bioassays. Lethal concentration 50% (LC50) was calculated for each insecticide. A factor of resistance 50% (FR50) was also calculated with respect to the Rockefeller strain, which served as susceptible control. In cases of resistance, the evaluation was replicated by exposing the larvae to piperonyl butoxide (PB), S, S, S tributylphosphorotritionate (DEF), and ethacrynic acid (AE), in order to establish the detoxification mechanisms associated with the resistance. In these cases, a factor of synergism 50% (FS50) was also calculated. Results: The Orotina strain of Ae. aegypti was susceptible to temephos, malathion, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin, but showed incipient resistance to cypermethrin (LC50 = 0.01103 mg/L, FR50 = 5.32). Only PB reversed the state of resistance (FS50 = 10.92), which suggests a detoxification mechanism associated with the citochrome P450 monooxygenase system. Discussion: Although the Ae. aegypti strain from Orotina showed resistance to cypermethrin, it was susceptible to other insecticides, which can be used as alternative options for chemical control of the vector.
Objectives: To determine the resistance to organophosphate (temephos and malathion) and pyrethroid (deltamethrin, lambda cyhalothrin, and cypermethrin) insecticides in a strain of Aedes aegypti from Orotina. Methods: The evaluation of the resistance was carried out by larval bioassays. Lethal concentration 50% (LC50) was calculated for each insecticide. A factor of resistance 50% (FR50) was also calculated with respect to the Rockefeller strain, which served as susceptible control. In cases of resistance, the evaluation was replicated by exposing the larvae to piperonyl butoxide (PB), S, S, S tributylphosphorotritionate (DEF), and ethacrynic acid (AE), in order to establish the detoxification mechanisms associated with the resistance. In these cases, a factor of synergism 50% (FS50) was also calculated. Results: The Orotina strain of Ae. aegypti was susceptible to temephos, malathion, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin, but showed incipient resistance to cypermethrin (LC50 = 0.01103 mg/L, FR50 = 5.32). Only PB reversed the state of resistance (FS50 = 10.92), which suggests a detoxification mechanism associated with the citochrome P450 monooxygenase system. Discussion: Although the Ae. aegypti strain from Orotina showed resistance to cypermethrin, it was susceptible to other insecticides, which can be used as alternative options for chemical control of the vector.
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Keywords
Dengue, Insecticidas, Resistencia a insecticidas, Aedes, Control de vectores, Insecticides, Insecticide resistance, Vector control
Citation
https://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1409-14292019000100015&lang=pt