La leucosis enzoótica bovina: un asesino silencioso
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Fecha
2019
Tipo
artículo de revisión
Autores
Monge Rojas, Cynthia Rebeca
Elizondo Salazar, Jorge Alberto
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Resumen
La leucosis enzoótica bovina (LEB) es una enfermedad crónica con una virulencia muy alta extendida por todo el mundo. El virus de la LEB es un retrovirus que infecta los linfocitos B de la sangre y sintetiza el ADN para convertirlo en un ADN proviral por lo que el virus se embebe en el genoma del animal. Una vez infectado el animal, el virus se puede manifestar de tres maneras: individuos positivos serológicamente, pero sin signos clínicos, animales que presentan una condición llamada linfocitosis persistente donde el conteo de linfocitos es inusualmente alto y linfoma o linfosarcoma que sería la manifestación clínica de la enfermedad con tumores en distintas partes del cuerpo y se presenta en animales de más de cinco años. El conocimiento de la enfermedad permite tener un claro panorama de la situación mundial e implementar medidas sanitarias y de manejo que ayuden a prevenir el contagio y por ende disminuir su prevalencia, ya que a la fecha no se ha logrado crear una vacuna para tratar la enfermedad. Las pérdidas económicas achacadas a la LEB se reflejan especialmente en una disminución en la producción por el descarte de los animales con linfosarcomas y predisposición a la entrada de otros agentes patógenos causando otras enfermedades en el animal. Este documento tiene como objetivo presentar aspectos de importancia sobre la leucosis enzoótica bovina que, por su virulencia y prevalencia a nivel mundial, se ha convertido en una enfermedad de gran importancia sanitaria y económica en los hatos lecheros.
Enzootic bovine leukosis: A silent murderer.Enzootic bovine leukosis (LEB) is a chronic disease with a very high virulence spread throughout the world. The LEB virus is a retrovirus that infects the B lymphocytes of the blood and synthesizes the DNA to turn it into a proviral DNA so the virus is imbedded in the animal's genome. Once the animal is infected, the virus can manifest itself in threeways: serologically positive individuals without clinical signs, animals that have a condition called persistent lymphocytosis where the lymphocyte count is unusually high and lymphoma thatwould be the clinical manifestation of the disease with tumors in different parts of the bodyand can be found in animals overfiveyears old. Knowingthe disease,allows havinga clear picture of the situation and implement sanitary and management measures that help to prevent the contagion and therefore decrease its prevalence because to date it has not been possible to create a vaccine to treat the disease. The economic losses attributed to the LEB are reflected in a decrease in production due to the discarding of animals with lymphosarcomasand predisposition to the entry of other pathogens causing other diseases in the animal.This document aims to present important aspects of enzootic bovine leukosis that, due to its virulence and prevalence worldwide, has become a disease of great health and economic importance in dairy herds.
Enzootic bovine leukosis: A silent murderer.Enzootic bovine leukosis (LEB) is a chronic disease with a very high virulence spread throughout the world. The LEB virus is a retrovirus that infects the B lymphocytes of the blood and synthesizes the DNA to turn it into a proviral DNA so the virus is imbedded in the animal's genome. Once the animal is infected, the virus can manifest itself in threeways: serologically positive individuals without clinical signs, animals that have a condition called persistent lymphocytosis where the lymphocyte count is unusually high and lymphoma thatwould be the clinical manifestation of the disease with tumors in different parts of the bodyand can be found in animals overfiveyears old. Knowingthe disease,allows havinga clear picture of the situation and implement sanitary and management measures that help to prevent the contagion and therefore decrease its prevalence because to date it has not been possible to create a vaccine to treat the disease. The economic losses attributed to the LEB are reflected in a decrease in production due to the discarding of animals with lymphosarcomasand predisposition to the entry of other pathogens causing other diseases in the animal.This document aims to present important aspects of enzootic bovine leukosis that, due to its virulence and prevalence worldwide, has become a disease of great health and economic importance in dairy herds.
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Palabras clave
Virus, Bovino, Sangre, Linfosarcoma, Linfocitosis persistente, Leukemia, Bovine, Blood, Persistent linfocitosis