Prevalencia de fasciolosis en bovinos de Costa Rica (2014). Comparación de cuatro técnicas diagnósticas
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Rojas Araya, Diana
Montero, A.
León, D.
Romero Zúñiga, Juan José
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Abstract
Se realizó un estudio transversal con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de
fasciolosis en bovinos sacrificados en mataderos de Costa Rica y comparar cuatro técnicas
diagnósticas disponibles (inspección macroscópica de hígados, sedimentación estándar de
heces, detección de coproantígeno en heces y sedimentación estándar del líquido de la vesícula
biliar). Se trabajó con dos estratos de probabilidad de infección (alto y bajo). Tomando en
cuenta todas las técnicas diagnósticas, se encontraron 11 muestras positivas del estrato de alta
probabilidad [prevalencia 4,3% (intervalo de confianza IC del 95%:1,8-6,7)] y 1 del estrato de
baja probabilidad [prevalencia 0,5% (IC 95%: 0,0-1,4)]. Al comparar los métodos diagnósticos,
tomando el decomiso de hígados como método de referencia, se obtuvieron valores de sensibilidad
y especificidad de 40 y 100% para la sedimentación estándar de heces, 50 y 100% para
la detección de coproantígeno en heces (ELISA), y 70 y 99,8% para la sedimentación estándar
del líquido de la vesícula biliar, respectivamente. Se concluye que la inspección macroscópica
de hígados en los mataderos es una buena herramienta de vigilancia de la enfermedad y que
esta parasitosis se distribuye de manera heterogénea en el país.
A cross-sectional study was done to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered in abattoirs of Costa Rica and to compare 4 different diagnostic techniques (macroscopic examination of the livers, standard sedimentation of stool, standard sedimentation of the fluid of the gallbladder, and detection of copro-antigen in fecal samples. The sample was divided into two strata of probability of infection (high and low). Considering all the techniques, 11 positive samples from the stratum of high probability were found [prevalence 4.3% (confidence interval CI 95%: 1.8-6.7)] and 1 of the stratum of low probability [prevalence 0.5% (CI 95%: 0.0-1.4)]. When comparing all diagnostic methods, considering the liver condemnation as the reference method, values of sensitivity and specificity respectively of 40 and 100% for the standard sedimentation of stool, 70 and 99.8% for the standard sedimentation of the fluid of the gallbladder and 50 and 100% for the ELISA that detects copro-antigen in feces were obtained. It is concluded that the macroscopic examination of livers in slaughterhouses is a good tool for the monitoring of the disease and that this parasite is distributed heterogeneously in the country.
A cross-sectional study was done to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle slaughtered in abattoirs of Costa Rica and to compare 4 different diagnostic techniques (macroscopic examination of the livers, standard sedimentation of stool, standard sedimentation of the fluid of the gallbladder, and detection of copro-antigen in fecal samples. The sample was divided into two strata of probability of infection (high and low). Considering all the techniques, 11 positive samples from the stratum of high probability were found [prevalence 4.3% (confidence interval CI 95%: 1.8-6.7)] and 1 of the stratum of low probability [prevalence 0.5% (CI 95%: 0.0-1.4)]. When comparing all diagnostic methods, considering the liver condemnation as the reference method, values of sensitivity and specificity respectively of 40 and 100% for the standard sedimentation of stool, 70 and 99.8% for the standard sedimentation of the fluid of the gallbladder and 50 and 100% for the ELISA that detects copro-antigen in feces were obtained. It is concluded that the macroscopic examination of livers in slaughterhouses is a good tool for the monitoring of the disease and that this parasite is distributed heterogeneously in the country.
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Keywords
Bovino, Fasciola hepatica, Prevalencia, Diagnóstico, Ganado vacuno