Combate de malezas con herbicidas pre y pos emergentes en espárrago (Asparagus officinalis) durante la época de almácigo
Loading...
Date
Authors
Solera, Federico
Vargas, Marlen
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad de Costa Rica
Abstract
Se evaluó la selectividad y el combate de malezas con herbicidas pre y pos emergentes en espárrago durante la etapa de almácigo, en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit en Alajuela, Costa Rica. En el periodo de junio y octubre de 1989, se hicieron dos experimentos en forma simultánea: en el primero se aplicaron seis tratamientos químicos en pre-emergencia y dos testigos: metolaclor a 1,5 y 1,75 kg/ha; metolaclor (1,5 kg/ha) en mezcla con: linurón a 1,5 y 1,75; metribuzín a 0,2 y 0,3 kg/ha. En el segundo experimento los herbicidas se aplicaron en pos-emergencia del cultivo; los tratamientos fueron: alaclor (1,75 kg/ha); linurón (1,5 kg/ha); metribuzín (0,3 kg/ha); diurón (1,75 kg/ha); simazina (1,5 kg/ha) y dos testigos. Los resultados mostraron que los herbicidas aplicados en preemergencia ejercieron buen combate de malezas de hoja ancha, gramíneas y ciperáceas durante la etapa inicial; posteriormente, los tratamientos que combatieron mejor las malezas fueron las mezclas de metolaclor con linurón (1,5 + 1,5 kg/ha). Cuando la dosis de estos tratamientos fue de 1,75 kg/ha en ambos herbicidas, el cultivo se afectó, al reducirse el porcentaje de germinación en un 36%; además afectó el peso fresco de la parte aérea, radical y total del espárrago, número de raíces de reserva y altura de planta. Los demás tratamientos químicos no presentaron diferencias significativas respecto al testigo deshierbado. Los tratamientos aplicados en pos-emergencia, salvo una ligera toxicidad causada por el linurón a 1,75 kg/ha, no afectaron de manera significativa al cultivo en ninguna de las variables de crecimiento evaluadas. El mejor combate de malezas de hoja ancha se obtuvo con los tratamientos diurón (1,75 kg/ha), simazina (1,5 kg/ha) y linurón (1,5 kg/ha). Las malezas gramíneas fueron combatidas con metolaclor, linurón y diurón.
The selectivity and weed control of pre and post-emergent herbicides in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) was evaluated during the nursery stage at the Fabio Baudrit Experiment Station in Alajuela, Costa Rica. Two trials were conducted simultaneously in June and October of 1989. Six pre-emergent chemical treatments and two controls were applied in the first test: metolachlor at 1.5 and 1.75 kg/ha, metolachlor (1.5 kg/ha) in mixture with: linuron at 1.5 and 1.75 kg/ha and metribuzin at 0.2 and 0.3 kg/ha. In the second assay, the herbicides applied in post-emergence to the crop were: alachlor (1.75 kg/ha), linuron (1.5 kg/ha), metribuzin (0.3 kg/ha), diuron (1.75 kg/ha), simazine (1.5 kg/ha) and two controls. The results showed that the herbicides applied in pre-emergence had a good control of gramineous, cyperaceous and broad-leaf weeds during the initial stage. Afterwards, the best weed controlling treatments were the mixtures of metolachlor with linuron (1.5 + 1.5 kg/ha), although both treatments at the rate of 1.75 kg/ha affected the crop, reducing its germination by 36%. They also affected the aerial, radical and total fresh weight of the asparagus, the number of the storage roots and height. The remaining chemical treatments did not show significant differences with respect to the weeded control. The treatments applied in post-emergence did not significantly affect any of the evaluated growth variables, except for a slight toxicity caused by linuron at 1.75 kg/ha. The best broad-leaf weeds' control was obtained with diuron (1.75 kg/ha), simazine (1.5 kg/ha) and linuron (1.75 kg/ha). The gramineous weeds were controlled with metolachlor, linuron and diuron.
The selectivity and weed control of pre and post-emergent herbicides in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) was evaluated during the nursery stage at the Fabio Baudrit Experiment Station in Alajuela, Costa Rica. Two trials were conducted simultaneously in June and October of 1989. Six pre-emergent chemical treatments and two controls were applied in the first test: metolachlor at 1.5 and 1.75 kg/ha, metolachlor (1.5 kg/ha) in mixture with: linuron at 1.5 and 1.75 kg/ha and metribuzin at 0.2 and 0.3 kg/ha. In the second assay, the herbicides applied in post-emergence to the crop were: alachlor (1.75 kg/ha), linuron (1.5 kg/ha), metribuzin (0.3 kg/ha), diuron (1.75 kg/ha), simazine (1.5 kg/ha) and two controls. The results showed that the herbicides applied in pre-emergence had a good control of gramineous, cyperaceous and broad-leaf weeds during the initial stage. Afterwards, the best weed controlling treatments were the mixtures of metolachlor with linuron (1.5 + 1.5 kg/ha), although both treatments at the rate of 1.75 kg/ha affected the crop, reducing its germination by 36%. They also affected the aerial, radical and total fresh weight of the asparagus, the number of the storage roots and height. The remaining chemical treatments did not show significant differences with respect to the weeded control. The treatments applied in post-emergence did not significantly affect any of the evaluated growth variables, except for a slight toxicity caused by linuron at 1.75 kg/ha. The best broad-leaf weeds' control was obtained with diuron (1.75 kg/ha), simazine (1.5 kg/ha) and linuron (1.75 kg/ha). The gramineous weeds were controlled with metolachlor, linuron and diuron.