Duración de la lactancia materna, alimentación combinada y riesgo para la salud en jóvenes costarricenses
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Núñez Rivas, Hilda Patricia
Holst Schumacher, Ileana
Roselló Araya, Marlen
Campos Saborío, Natalia
Guzmán Padilla, Sonia
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Abstract
Objetivo: examinar la asociación entre la duración de la lactancia materna y la alimentación mixta
con la obesidad, riesgo cardiometabólico, grasa corporal, conductas de riesgo dietéticas y de actividad
física en niños y adolescentes. Sujetos y Método: estudio transversal en 1467 estudiantes de
Costa Rica. Se aplicó una entrevista a padres e hijos para recopilar información socioeconómica,
escolaridad, conductas de riesgo de la alimentación y actividad física de los jóvenes, duración de
la lactancia materna y alimentación mixta. Se evaluó el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia
abdominal y la grasa corporal mediante análisis de bioimpedancia. El riesgo cardiometabólico se
midió con el indicador cintura/talla (WHtR ≥ 0,5). Las mediciones fueron realizadas por personal
estandarizado. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva y regresión logística. Resultados: la edad de los
sujetos fue 11,4 ± 2,6 años; 50,9% hombres; 55,5% clase media; 60% sedentarios y 16% obesos. El
20% fue amamantado sin introducción de fórmula hasta los 6 meses y 13% nunca fue amamantado;
más del 60% fue amamantado por ≥ 6 meses. El porcentaje de obesidad de los que recibieron
leche materna, sola o en combinación con fórmula, durante ≥ 6 meses fue menor que los que fueron alimentados solo con fórmula (60,8 vs 39,2; p < 0,005). Los niños con riesgo cardiometabólico,
dieta no saludable, sedentarismo y que fueron alimentados sólo con fórmula, presentaron mayor
riesgo de ser obesos (OR = 18,8, IC 95% 13,2-26,0). Conclusiones: estos resultados son consistentes
con otros estudios y refuerzan la protección evidente que tiene la lactancia materna frente al
desarrollo de la obesidad.
Objective: to analyze the associations between breastfeeding duration and mixed feeding (breast milk and formula) with obesity, cardiometabolic risk (WHtR), body fat, and dietary and physical activity risk behaviors in children and adolescents. Subjects and Method: cross-sectional study carried out with 1,467 students in Costa Rica. An interview was conducted with parents and children to gather information on socioeconomic status, education, dietary and physical activity risk behaviors of the youth, including breastfeeding duration and mixed feeding. Body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and cardiometabolic risk was measured with the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR ≥ 0.5) by trained personnel. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were applied. Results: the average age was 11.4 ± 2.6 years and 50.9% were male. 55.5% of the population was middle class; 60% were sedentary, and 16% presented obesity. Around 20% were breastfed without the introduction of formula before 6 months, 13% were never breastfed, and more than 60% were breastfed for ≥ 6 months. Those children who were fed only with breast milk or in combination with formula for ≥ 6 months presented a lower percentage of obesity than those who received formula feeding only (60.8 vs 39.2; p < 0.005). Children with cardiometabolic risk (WHtR ≥ 0.50), unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, and who were fed only with formula are at higher risk of developing obesity (OR = 18.8, 95% CI 13.2-26.0). Conclusions: these results are consistent with other studies and reinforce the evident protection of breastfeeding against the development of obesity.
Objective: to analyze the associations between breastfeeding duration and mixed feeding (breast milk and formula) with obesity, cardiometabolic risk (WHtR), body fat, and dietary and physical activity risk behaviors in children and adolescents. Subjects and Method: cross-sectional study carried out with 1,467 students in Costa Rica. An interview was conducted with parents and children to gather information on socioeconomic status, education, dietary and physical activity risk behaviors of the youth, including breastfeeding duration and mixed feeding. Body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and cardiometabolic risk was measured with the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR ≥ 0.5) by trained personnel. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were applied. Results: the average age was 11.4 ± 2.6 years and 50.9% were male. 55.5% of the population was middle class; 60% were sedentary, and 16% presented obesity. Around 20% were breastfed without the introduction of formula before 6 months, 13% were never breastfed, and more than 60% were breastfed for ≥ 6 months. Those children who were fed only with breast milk or in combination with formula for ≥ 6 months presented a lower percentage of obesity than those who received formula feeding only (60.8 vs 39.2; p < 0.005). Children with cardiometabolic risk (WHtR ≥ 0.50), unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, and who were fed only with formula are at higher risk of developing obesity (OR = 18.8, 95% CI 13.2-26.0). Conclusions: these results are consistent with other studies and reinforce the evident protection of breastfeeding against the development of obesity.
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Keywords
alimentación mixta, LACTANCIA MATERNA, OBESIDAD, NUTRICIÓN, NIÑO
Citation
https://revistachilenadepediatria.cl/index.php/rchped/article/view/3645