Comparación de factores motivacionales para la práctica de ejercicio físico entre proyectos de adultas y adultos mayores institucionalizados
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2019-06-28
Autores
Moya Castro, Diego Francisco
Vargas Villalobos, María Auxiliadora
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El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los factores motivacionales a través de la práctica de ejercicio físico en dos proyectos de perso-nas adultas y adultas mayores con metodologías diferentes. El estudio es correlacional, con un muestreo intencional de 100 personas(25 hombres y 75 mujeres), con edades de 50 a 73 años, pertenecientes a dos proyectos que se desarrollan en la Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Occidente, los cuales se imparten dos veces por semana. Para medir los factores motivacionales se utilizó la escala de Me-dida de los Motivos para la Actividad Física-Revisada (MPAM-R).Según la prueba Mann-Whitney, los proyectos muestran diferencias significativas en el proyecto Música, Movimiento y Salud (1), con respecto al proyecto Movimiento y Salud (2), en las dimensiones: Disfrute (Z=-2,76/DS=0,56), Fitness/Salud (Z=-3,12/DS=0,28) y Competencia (Z=-3,29/DS=0,78) (p<0.05), mientras que en las di-mensiones Apariencia (Z=-1,38/DS=1,24) y Social (Z=-1,93/DS=0,99) no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p>0.05). Las diferencias en los motivos de la práctica del ejercicio físico se basan principalmente en la metodología del proyecto 1, siendo la más aceptada principalmente por el uso de la música, que funciona como un factor motivacional extrínseco. Además, los participantes perciben un mayor disfrute, una mejor relación entre fitness, salud y un aporte positivo con el factor de competencia, en el ejercicio físico con música bailable.
The objective of this study is to compare the motivational factors for the practice of physical exercise in two projects for adults and elderly adults with different methodologies. The study is correlational, with an intentional sampling of 100 people (25 men and 75 women), aged 50 to 73, belonging to two projects developed at the University of Costa Rica, Western Branch, which are offered twice a week. To measure the motivational factors, the scale of the Measure of the Motives for Physical Activity-Revised (MPAM-R) was used. According to the Mann-Whitney test, the projects show significant differences in the Music, Movement and Health project (1), with respect to the Movement and Health project (2), in the dimensions: Enjoyment (Z = -2.76 / DS = 0.56), Fitness / Health (Z = -3.12 / DS = 0.28) and Competition (Z = -3.29 / DS = 0.78) (p <0.05), while in the Appearance dimensions (Z = -1.38 / DS = 1.24) and Social (Z = -1.93 / DS = 0.99) statistically significant differences were not found (p> 0.05). The differences in the reasons for the practice of physical exercise are based mainly on the methodology of project 1, the most accepted being mainly the use of music, which functions as an extrinsic motivational factor. In addition, the participants report a greater enjoyment, a better relationship between fitness, health and a positive contribution with the competition factor, in the physical exercise with dance music.
The objective of this study is to compare the motivational factors for the practice of physical exercise in two projects for adults and elderly adults with different methodologies. The study is correlational, with an intentional sampling of 100 people (25 men and 75 women), aged 50 to 73, belonging to two projects developed at the University of Costa Rica, Western Branch, which are offered twice a week. To measure the motivational factors, the scale of the Measure of the Motives for Physical Activity-Revised (MPAM-R) was used. According to the Mann-Whitney test, the projects show significant differences in the Music, Movement and Health project (1), with respect to the Movement and Health project (2), in the dimensions: Enjoyment (Z = -2.76 / DS = 0.56), Fitness / Health (Z = -3.12 / DS = 0.28) and Competition (Z = -3.29 / DS = 0.78) (p <0.05), while in the Appearance dimensions (Z = -1.38 / DS = 1.24) and Social (Z = -1.93 / DS = 0.99) statistically significant differences were not found (p> 0.05). The differences in the reasons for the practice of physical exercise are based mainly on the methodology of project 1, the most accepted being mainly the use of music, which functions as an extrinsic motivational factor. In addition, the participants report a greater enjoyment, a better relationship between fitness, health and a positive contribution with the competition factor, in the physical exercise with dance music.
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https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/pensamiento-actual/article/view/37878