Pasteurización de calostro: efecto sobre la carga bacteriana y la concentración de inmunoglobulinas G.
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Elizondo Salazar, Jorge Alberto
Jayarao, Bushan M.
Heinrichs, Arlyn Jud
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Abstract
La pasteurización de calostro a nivel de finca ha recibido una considerable
atención en los últimos años, con el fin de reducir agentes patógenos
bacterianos. La adopción de esta práctica a nivel de finca ha reportado
resultados significativos en la salud de las terneras y en los ingresos
económicos de los productores. Sin embargo, existe poca información con
respecto al efecto que tiene la pasteurización sobre la concentración de
inmunoglobulinas G (IgG). Por esta razón, se llevó a cabo una investigación
con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de la pasteurización (baja
temperatura-largo tiempo) sobre el nivel bacterial y la concentración de
IgG en calostro bovino. Se colectó calostro de primer ordeño de 28 vacas
Holstein. Cada muestra se agitó completamente y dos sub-muestras de 10-
mL fueron analizadas. La primera sub-muestra sirvió como control mientras que la segunda fue calentada a 62.8 °C por 30 min. Las muestras de
calostro tratadas y sin tratar fueron analizadas para determinar el conteo
estándar de placa (CEP), conteo preliminar de incubación (CPI), conteo de
coliformes (CC), conteo de no-coliformes (CNC), conteo de estreptococos
ambientales (CEA) y conteo de Staphylococcus aureus (CSA). Las
concentraciones de IgG1 e IgG2 fueron medidas utilizando la técnica de
inmunodifusión radial. Los resultados del estudio mostraron que la
pasteurización tuvo como resultado una reducción significativa (P < 0.01)
en los niveles de CEP, CC, CNC, CEA y CSA. La pasteurización tuvo también
como resultado la desnaturalización del 14% de las IgG totales en el
calostro.
On-farm pasteurization of colostrum has received considerable attention in recent years, primarily to reduce bacterial pathogens. Application of this practice has been reported to result in significant health benefits for calves and economic returns for producers. However, little information is available on the effect of pasteurization on immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration. A research study was conducted with the objective to determine the effect of low temperature-long time pasteurization on the bacteriology and IgG concentration in bovine colostrum. First milking colostrum was collected from 28 Holstein cows. Each sample was thoroughly mixed and two 10-mL aliquots were analyzed. The first aliquot served as the control while the second aliquot was heated for at 62.8 °C 30 min. The treated and untreated colostrum samples were examined for standard plate count (SPC), preliminary incubation count (PIC), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) count, environmental streptococci (ES) count, coliform (CC) count, gram-negative noncoliform (NC) count, Streptococcus agalactiae (SAG) count, and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) count. Colostrum IgG1 and IgG2 concentrations were measured using radial immunodiffusion. The results of the study showed that pasteurization resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) reduction of SPC, CC, NC, ES, CNS, and SA. Pasteurization also resulted in denaturation of 14% of colostral total IgG.
On-farm pasteurization of colostrum has received considerable attention in recent years, primarily to reduce bacterial pathogens. Application of this practice has been reported to result in significant health benefits for calves and economic returns for producers. However, little information is available on the effect of pasteurization on immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration. A research study was conducted with the objective to determine the effect of low temperature-long time pasteurization on the bacteriology and IgG concentration in bovine colostrum. First milking colostrum was collected from 28 Holstein cows. Each sample was thoroughly mixed and two 10-mL aliquots were analyzed. The first aliquot served as the control while the second aliquot was heated for at 62.8 °C 30 min. The treated and untreated colostrum samples were examined for standard plate count (SPC), preliminary incubation count (PIC), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) count, environmental streptococci (ES) count, coliform (CC) count, gram-negative noncoliform (NC) count, Streptococcus agalactiae (SAG) count, and Staphylococcus aureus (SA) count. Colostrum IgG1 and IgG2 concentrations were measured using radial immunodiffusion. The results of the study showed that pasteurization resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) reduction of SPC, CC, NC, ES, CNS, and SA. Pasteurization also resulted in denaturation of 14% of colostral total IgG.
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Keywords
Calostro, Pasteurización, Inmunoglobulinas, Inmunidad pasiva, Bacterias, NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL