Efecto de la defoliación, incisión y estrangulamiento de la pua practicado en dos tipos de injertación sobre el prendimiento y crecimiento del injerti en guanabana (Annona muricata L.)
Fecha
1988
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
González Mora, Walter
Hernández L., Ramon L.
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad de Costa Rica
Resumen
En Alajuela, Costa Rica, en la Estación Experimental Fabio Baudrit Moreno, del 10 de agosto al 23 de noviembre de 1987, se injertaron patrones de guanábana de un año de edad sembrados en bolsas de polietileno negro. Se practicó la injertación de enchape lateral (‘injerto de pua’) y yema en parche (‘injerto de yema’). Diez días antes de la injertación, en el árbol seleccionado, se realizaron cuatro tratamientos: a) defoliación, que consistió en eliminar las hojas de las varetas; b) Incisión, se efectuó una incisión en la corteza y se dejó una hendidura en forma de anillo de 0,5 cm de ancho; c) estrangulamiento; un alambre fino se hundió y amarró alrededor de la corteza en forma de anillo y d) testigo (sin ninguna práctica). Se utilizaron patrones e injertos de clones criollos; pero estos últimos, se seleccionaron de un árbol que presentó excelentes características de floración y producción. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial 4 x 2 y cinco repeticiones. La unidad experimental consistió de 12 plantas. No hubo diferencias entre tratamientos y tipos de injertación en el porcentaje de injertos brotados, con valores promedio entre 83 y 98%, durante el periodo de estudio. Se obtuvo un comportamiento diferente de la longitud de injerto en el tiempo entre los dos tipos de injertación. Se observó un crecimiento mayor con la injertación de enchape lateral; no obstante, a los 105 días después de la injertación, el de yema en parche mostró un efecto de recuperación. La longitud del injerto fue de 12,35 y 9,90 cm para la injertación enchape lateral y yema en parche, respectivamente.
Year old soursop rootstocks, planted in black polyethylene bags, were grafted from August 10 th through November 23rd, 1987 at the Fabio Baudrit Experimental Station in Alajuela, Costa Rica. The two grafting methods used were the lateral patch graft' and 'bud batch graft'. The rootstocks and scions Were obtained from native clones, but the latter ones: were selected from a tree showing excellent blooming and production characteristics. Four treatments were applied to the selected tree, ten days before grafting: a) defoliation, removal of all the leaves from the scions; b) incision, removal of a 0.5 cm wide 'ring of bark; c) strangling, a fine wire was trusted and tied around the bark and d) control (without treatment). A Ramdomized Complete Block Design with a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement and five replications was used. The experimental unit consisted of 12 plants. There was no difference among treatments and grafting methods on the percentage of sprouted grafts, with average values between 83 and 98%, during the study period. A different behavior was observed, among the grafting methods, of the graft length on the time. A larger-growth was obtained with the lateral batch graft, although the bud patch graft showed a recovery effect at 105 days after grafting. The graft lenght was 12.35 and 9.90 cm for the lateral and bud patch grafts, respectively.
Year old soursop rootstocks, planted in black polyethylene bags, were grafted from August 10 th through November 23rd, 1987 at the Fabio Baudrit Experimental Station in Alajuela, Costa Rica. The two grafting methods used were the lateral patch graft' and 'bud batch graft'. The rootstocks and scions Were obtained from native clones, but the latter ones: were selected from a tree showing excellent blooming and production characteristics. Four treatments were applied to the selected tree, ten days before grafting: a) defoliation, removal of all the leaves from the scions; b) incision, removal of a 0.5 cm wide 'ring of bark; c) strangling, a fine wire was trusted and tied around the bark and d) control (without treatment). A Ramdomized Complete Block Design with a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement and five replications was used. The experimental unit consisted of 12 plants. There was no difference among treatments and grafting methods on the percentage of sprouted grafts, with average values between 83 and 98%, during the study period. A different behavior was observed, among the grafting methods, of the graft length on the time. A larger-growth was obtained with the lateral batch graft, although the bud patch graft showed a recovery effect at 105 days after grafting. The graft lenght was 12.35 and 9.90 cm for the lateral and bud patch grafts, respectively.