Remoción mecánica del material senescente para la recuperación de pasturas
Fecha
2019-09-01
Tipo
artículo original
Autores
Villalobos Villalobos, Luis Alonso
WingChing Jones, Rodolfo
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Resumen
Introducción. La acumulación de material senescente en pasturas tropicales es resultado de la alta producción de biomasa y bajo nivel de aprovechamiento en pastoreo. La remoción de senescencia en pasturas permite que el ganado acceda a estratos bajos durante el pastoreo, lo que genera un rebrote con mayor concentración de nutrientes. Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la respuesta de los pastos Estrella africana (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst.) y Mombasa (Megathyrsus maximus Jacq.) a la remoción de material senescente, con base en sus componentes estructurales, biomasa y contenido de nutrientes. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se llevó a cabo entre abril y agosto de 2017 en dos fincas, una ubicada en Turrialba, Cartago y la otra en San Carlos, Alajuela. Se utilizó un diseño de chi-cuadrado para evaluar la remoción de material senescente versus los respectivos controles. Resultados. La remoción de pasto senescente incrementó la proporción de hoja en ambos pastos. La biomasa producida tuvo un contenido proteico mayor y menos pared celular, siendo a su vez más digestible que el control sin remoción. Los cambios estructurales tuvieron una mayor duración en el pasto Mombasa, lo cual se atribuyó a las diferencias en arquitectura de la planta respecto al pasto estrella. Conclusión. La remoción del pasto senescente es una estrategia para modificar la composición estructural de las pasturas, con lo que se mejora el perfil nutricional de la materia seca producida. El sistema e intensidad de pastoreo pueden contribuir a una menor acumulación de senescencia, y producir un forraje de mayor valor nutricional por un plazo mayor.
Introduction. The accumulation of senescent material in tropical pastures is the result of high biomass production and low level of utilization. By removing senescence pastures, cattle can graze at lower levels, allowing regrowth with higher nutrient content. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of African stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst.) and Mombasa (Megathyrsus maximus Jacq.) to removal of senescent material based on its structural components, biomass and nutrient content. Materials and methods. This experiment was carried out between April to August 2017 in two farms, one located in Turrialba, Cartago, and the other in San Carlos, Alajuela. A chi-squared design was used to evaluate the removal of senescent material versus the respective controls. Results. Senescence grass removal increased the proportion of leaves in both kinds of grasses. Yielded biomass in senescence material removal plots had higher protein and lower cell wall content, producing more digestible forage. The structural changes had a longer duration in the Mombasa grass, which was attributed to the diffrerences in plant architecture with respect to the Star grass. Conclusion. Removing senescent material from tropical pastures is a strategy to modify the structure and enhance the nutritional value of dry matter yield. Both the type of system and grazing intensity may contribute to reducing senescence accumulation, increasing the nutritive value of forages in the long term.
Introduction. The accumulation of senescent material in tropical pastures is the result of high biomass production and low level of utilization. By removing senescence pastures, cattle can graze at lower levels, allowing regrowth with higher nutrient content. Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of African stargrass (Cynodon nlemfuensis Vanderyst.) and Mombasa (Megathyrsus maximus Jacq.) to removal of senescent material based on its structural components, biomass and nutrient content. Materials and methods. This experiment was carried out between April to August 2017 in two farms, one located in Turrialba, Cartago, and the other in San Carlos, Alajuela. A chi-squared design was used to evaluate the removal of senescent material versus the respective controls. Results. Senescence grass removal increased the proportion of leaves in both kinds of grasses. Yielded biomass in senescence material removal plots had higher protein and lower cell wall content, producing more digestible forage. The structural changes had a longer duration in the Mombasa grass, which was attributed to the diffrerences in plant architecture with respect to the Star grass. Conclusion. Removing senescent material from tropical pastures is a strategy to modify the structure and enhance the nutritional value of dry matter yield. Both the type of system and grazing intensity may contribute to reducing senescence accumulation, increasing the nutritive value of forages in the long term.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Plantas perennes, Recuperación de pasturas, Senescencia, Biomasa, Contenido de nutrientes, Perennial plants, Pasture recovery, Senescence, Biomass, Nutrient content